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unit1单选综合

第一篇：unit1单选综合

综合1单选

九江科技中专导游培训专用资料

2013导游业务综合训练

(一)

单项选择题：

1、旅行社是为人们旅行提供服务的(

)

中介机构

专门机构

行政机构

商业机构

2、旅行社的产生是(

)和(

)发展的直接结果政治、经济、社会

社会、经济、科技科技、社会、文化

科技、政治、社会

3、我国解放后成立的最早的一家旅行社是(

)

中旅

国旅

青旅

华侨

4、世界上最早的托马斯—库克旅行社于(

)成立

1841

1845

1855

1865

5、托马斯库克组织的世界上第一次团体包价旅游是(

) 1841

1845

1855

1865

6、截止2007年末，我国旅行社共有(

)家

18493

19843

18943

14983

7、全陪是(

)的代表

组团社

地接社

目的地组团社

客源地组团社

8、旅行社的(

)决定了旅行社的主要业务

性质

作用

职能

地位

9、加大旅游者购买风险和增加旅行社与旅游者交易的难度的是因为旅行社产品具有(

)的特征

储存性

无形性

综合性

复杂性

10、旅行社产品最主要的特点是(

)

分离性

储存性

复杂性

无形性

综合性

11、旅行社产品的(

)使得旅行社产品的开发受多种因素影响，而且还注定旅行社产品比较脆弱。

储存性

无形性

综合性

复杂性

受影响性

12、团体包价的缺点是(

)

不易于成行

缺乏灵活性

不方便

不保险

13、半报价旅游与(

)旅游的形式基本相同

团体

小包价

团体报价

组合

散客

14、(

)这种自主性很强的旅游形式将会在来华旅游总人数种占越来越大的比重团体

小包价

团体报价

组合

散客

15、(

)是20世纪80年代末我国旅行社在吸收国外经验的基础上，推出的一种旅游组织形式。

团体

小包价

团体报价

组合

散客

16、组合旅游最大的特点是(

)

方便

成本低

易于成行

灵活

17、介于团体旅游和散客旅游之间的一种旅游形式是(

)

团体

小包价

团体报价

组合

散客

18、根据我国2007年入境游和国内游以及2008年出境游统计的人数是(

)亿人次 7.79

4、16.10、

4.584

0.779

4、

16.10、

0.4584 779

4、 16.10、

4584

77.9

4、

16.10、

45.84

19、中国第一个公布对外开放的旅游目的地国家是(

) 日本

香港

新加坡

泰国

俄罗斯

20、中国目前已开放的旅游目的地国家和地区达(

)个，其中实施(

)个

53、89

35、91

8、76

9、101

21、据世界旅游组织预测，到2020年中国将成为国际旅游(

)大接待国和(

)大客源国

第一、第一

第一

第二

第一、第三

第一、第四

22、现阶段中国公民出境旅游仍然以团队形式为主，团队要求整团出入国境，这是遵循出境旅游管理 (

)的原则。

有控制

有目的

有计划

有组织

23、景点景区导游人员也叫(

)

翻译员

服务员

讲解员

宣传员

24、在整个旅游活动中起主导作用的是(

)

境外领队

全陪

地陪

景点景区导游

25、在团结旅游团全体成员、组织旅游者完成旅游计划方面起着其他导游往往难以起到的作用的导游是(

)

境外领队

全陪

地陪

景点景区导游

26、我国开始实施导游等级评定制度的时间是(

) 1985

1989

1990

1994

1998

27、我国目前兼、专职导游的比列为(

) 4:6

3:7

6:4

7:3

28、我国导游由初级到中级到高级到特级时间上的要求是(

)年

1、

2、

3、4

1、

3、

4、5

1、

2、

4、5

2、

3、

4、5

29、中国合格导游的首要条件是(

)

热爱本职工作

热爱祖国

热爱旅游者

良好的思想品德 30、专家们一致认为，21世纪把(

)永远放在首位高尚的情操

热爱祖国

高尚的品德

优秀的道德品质

31、对于提供涉外导游服务的导游，要牢记(

)的原则严守国家机密

特别保护外国旅游者与外国旅游者保持一定距离

内外有别

32、搞好导游翻译工作的前提是(

)

丰富的知识

丰富的经验

丰富的人际关系

流利的语言

33、(

)是导游人员最重要的基本功

服务技能

语言

丰富的经验

渊博的知识

34、导游讲解是一项综合性的(

)

文学艺术

口语艺术

科学艺术

文化艺术

35、导游服务是一种(

)的服务

高体能

高智能

高标准

高消能

14、导游行使要求旅游者配合和取消随团资格权代表的是(

) 5体游客

部分游客

自己

旅行社

36、(

)是(

)的前提和基础

高质量的员工、高质量的服务

高质量的导游、高质量的旅游高质量的服务、高质量的旅游

高质量的服务、高质量的员工

37、导游员不仅要有过硬的本领，而且在(

)要有新的变化。道德观念

产品质量意识

市场观念

实现功能的作用

38、一名合格的导游人员首先应该具有(

)，同时也应具有导演的水品和演员的本领。服务意识

服务方式

服务技能

服务态度

39、特级导游员的考核采取(

)方式

导游词创作

导游案例分析

论文答辩

专题知识讲座 40、现代导游既是一种服务，又是一门(

) 艺术

文化

科学

专业

20、主要业务是进行导游讲解或翻译任务的导游是指(

) 地陪

全陪

领队

景点景区导游

41、《导游人员管理条例》自(

)年10月1日起施行。 1989

1994

1999

2007

42、以下属于整体旅游产品的是(

)

三清山两日游

饭店床位

飞机座位

导游服务

43、在旅行社提供的各项服务中最重要、最典型的是(

)

咨询服务

行李服务

计调服务

导游服务

44、以下不属于导游服务的共同属性的是(

)

政治性

经济性

社会性

文化性

45、现代导游服务方式中将永远处于主要地位的是(

)

图文声像导游

实地口语导游

英语导游

普通话导游

46、导游服务工作范围是(

)

导游讲解服务和生活照料服务

导游讲解服务和旅行生活服务

导游讲解服务和旅游交通服务

旅行生活服务和旅游交通服务

47、以下不符合“安全第一”原则的做法的是(

)

司机酒后开车要劝阻

司机开车时多与之聊天

接送站要留有充足的时间以避免“赶点车”

旅游者生病要帮助及时就医

48、-------原则是服务工作中处理问题的出发点，也是服务行业的座右铭(

)

为大家服务

宾客至上

个性化服务

服务至上

49、针对游客个别要求而提供的服务叫(

)

差异化服务

超常服务

个性化服务

人性化服务 50、以下一般不构成旅游团队导游服务集体的是(

)

领队

全陪

地陪

定点讲解员

51、以下不属于旅游团队导游服务集体协作共事的基础的是(

)

共同的工作对象

共同的经济利益

共同的工作任务

共同的努力目标

52、导游员的(

)决定导游服务的质量

价值

素质

热情

态度

53、旅游产品的价格是由其(

)决定的：

市场

成本

价值

吸引力

54、旅游宣传最为有效的方式是：

电视广告宣传

名人效应宣传

旅游者口头宣传

政府宣传

55、出境旅游前领队要求旅游者提前---------到指定地点集合一起出发(

)

1小时

2小时

3小时

1.5小时

56、在接待入境旅游团队时，全陪与地陪在一起应该提前------到达接站地点，迎接旅游团(

)

10分钟

20分钟

30分钟

60分钟

57、前往饭店的途中，导游员首先应进行的服务工作是(

)

清点人数

致欢迎词

沿途讲解

介绍旅游团在本地行程

58、对入境而言，为了避免在旅游团内产生矛盾，分配住房和航班机位的工作一般应由-----来做(

)

地陪

全陪

领队

团长

59、地陪送乘坐国内航班的旅游团离站，在---------后可以离开机场(

)

协助办理好登记手续

游客进入隔离区

飞机起飞

行李清点交接完毕 60、下面属于地方导游员接团前熟悉接待计划准备的是(

)

了解不熟悉的景点

带好导游旗、导游证

整理仪容仪表

了解交通票据情况 6

1、下面不属于地陪服务程序中物质准备的是(

)

导游证胸卡

门票、餐饮结算单

掌握联系电话

纪念品

62、旅行社为散客旅游者代办赴外地的旅游委托需在其离开本地前-------天受理。(

)

4 6

3、下列不属于定点导游讲解员致欢迎词的内容的是(

)

欢迎光临

表达良好祝愿

表示愿为大家服务

欢迎多加指导

64、全陪带领团队客人乘机抵达目的地机场后，要引领客人到行李托运出入口处，拿取、清点行李，如果所需要时间较长，可让未托运行李的客人-------(

)

到出站口等候

一同等候一起出站

先出站上车等候

先到出站口认找地陪

65、旅游过程中，以下情况全陪要负起夜间照顾团队客人的全责(

)

地陪未上团之前

团队未安排领队时

客人晚间自由活动时

地陪不在酒店住宿时

66、全陪、地陪工作职责有所不同，工作程序也有差异，在工作程序上正确的是(

)

地陪无需首战接团

全陪无需导游讲解

全陪提供旅游生活照料

地陪不了解全程旅游安排

67、散客导游服务就是旅行社按要求为散客提供的各项服务，主要有旅游咨询、选择性导游服务以及------等几种形式。(

)

机票预订

单项委托

酒店预订

一日游或半日游

68、在散客接待服务方面，如果客人要求导游帮助其办理机票确认手续，而接待计划中未注明需提供此项服务，导游可(

)

婉言谢绝，请其自行处理

为其免费办理

为其办理，收取相应费用

婉言谢绝，给予必要的协助

69、为了防止误机(车、船)事故的发生，导游人员要安排充裕的时间到达机场(车站、码头)一般情况下，乘国内航班提前-------到达机场，乘火车-------到达车站;乘国际航班提前---------到达机场(

)

1.5小时、1小时、2小时

1.5小时、45分钟、2小时

1小时、1.5小时、2.5小时

1小时、1.5小时、2小时 70、办理国内旅游团住店登记和分发房卡，一般应由--------来完成(

)

游客代表

地陪

全陪

宾馆前厅接待员

71、接待国内旅游团队的全陪与接待入境旅游团队的全陪在服务内容上有所不同，其中-----不属于接待入境旅游团的全陪的服务内容(

)

游客入境后，对境内旅游的注意事项以及整个行程做概要性的介绍

旅游团每抵达一旅游目的地，全陪作主持人式的介绍

每到一城市，全陪应为旅游团分配住房

各站之间的联络工作

72、因职责和角色的差异，地陪与全陪导游服务的流程有明显的不同，其中-------只属于全陪的服务流程。(

)

各站服务

接站服务

离站服务

游览服务 7

3、----------，全陪应报告组团社，查明原因，分清责任。

游客提出新的游览项目

游客提出新的接待标准和要求

领队超出接待计划，提出新的接待要求

全陪手中的接待计划与领队的计划有部分不符

74、下列不属于领队召开出境前说明会内容的有(

)

介绍客人相互认识，形成一个良好的团队气氛对行程计划安排做详细的说明

对旅游者提出要求，介绍出入境须知、境外旅游、风俗习惯等方面的注意事项致欢迎词，并做自我介绍

75、从(

)年起，所有乘飞机进出境的旅客都必须填写“海关进出境申报单”。

2004

2005

2006

2007 7

6、入出境申报单为(

)色

绿、红

蓝、黄

橘、蓝

橙、绿

77、持OK票的旅游者在该联程或回程站停留超过(

)小时须办理座位再证实手续：

72 7

8、OPEN票为不定期机票，有效期为自购票之日起(

)

1个月

6个月

12个月

18个月

79、旅游团队和散客的地陪提前到达集合地点的时间规范为(

)分钟和(

)分钟

10 、10

15 、15

10 、15

15、10 80、景区景点导游中的送别服务最重要的内容是(

)

赠送纪念品

致欢送辞致欢迎词

赠送资料

81、导游人员迎接乘飞机和乘火车而来的散客应提前(

)分钟和(

)分钟到达接站地点

30、30

30、20

20、30

40、30 8

2、对单个旅游者，沿途导游服务可采取(

)的方式进行

课堂

讲座

对话

问话

83、使用华氏度数只限英美两国，请问华氏103度时，摄氏度是(

)度。

57.2

57.5

58 8

4、摄氏度是17度时，请问华氏度数是(

)度。

62.2

62.6

63 8

5、旅游团中有游客希望带其他在华亲友的孩子随团活动，导游员应该(

)

婉言拒绝

首先征求领队及团员的意见

表示赞同

首先向领导汇报

86、入境旅游者在旅游过程中无正当原因提出退团，导游人员首先(

)

一般应委婉拒绝

若签证未到期可以满足要求

尽量说服劝其随团继续活动

满足要求并协助办理手续 8

7、当旅游者提出要把中餐换成西餐时，导游员应(

)

尽量满足

告诉他不能满足

尽量满足，但费用自理

请示旅行社领导同意

88、游客小李因房间同住的另一客人老涂晚上打呼噜而难以入眠，提出要换住单间。饭店答应为其换房，但要小李另付房费，按惯例，此项费用应由---------支付。(

)

小李

老涂

接团社

组团社

89、旅游者看中了饭店房内配备的一件漆器烟具，想买下留作纪念，导游员可以(

)

请客人直接与饭店服务人员联系

协助客人与饭店有关部门联系

直接答复：“不会卖的”

与饭店服务人员联系帮助办理 90、游客要求调换不同朝向的同一标准客房，导游员应该(

)

设法满足

请领队在团内调配

婉言拒绝

如饭店有空房、可适当予以满足 9

1、某海外旅行团应本国驻华使馆的邀请，出席在使馆举行的招待会，领队要求导游员前往，导游员应(

)

可以前往

可以参加，但事后要汇报

明确拒绝

婉言拒绝，如需要参加，应证得有关方面同意 9

2、旅游团游东湖时，一游客提出希望单独划船游湖时，导游员应(

)

同意其要求，但陪同一起划船

让游客去问领队，由领队决定

说明为了安全，不能同意其要求

婉言劝阻，若游客坚持，就不必阻拦 9

3、旅游者在南昌参观游览期间逢当地举办“中国红哥”，抵达当天部分游客提出希望在晚上休息时到现场观看“中国红哥”文艺晚会，导游员应该(

)

婉言拒绝，耐心解释

协助购买门票

协助安排车辆，但车费自理

提醒有关注意事项，但不能陪同前往 9

4、外国游客在中国旅游期间散发宗教宣传品，对此，导游员应该(

)

不予干涉

向有关部门报告

予以劝阻

请示旅行社处理 9

5、旅游者在景点遭到抢劫，导游员首先应该采取的行动是(

)

立即报警

迅速抢救

立即报告旅行社

保护旅游者

96、在乘车前往景点途中游客患重病，导游人员首先应(

)

在车上寻找医生准备进行抢救

通知下一站急救中心和旅行社准备抢救

请示本旅行社派人协助

必须立即组织车辆送往就近医院

97、旅游者图患重病需要手术，需征得患者亲属同意，如果家属不在必须由(

)同意并

签字。

地陪

领队

全陪

旅游团代表

98、地陪接团时，接了不应由他接的旅游团其原因之一可能是(

)

地陪不知道航班的时间或者地址的便跟

没有按规定的时间抵达接站地点

记错旅游团抵达的时间或地点

旺季时若干旅游团乘同一航班抵达

99、旅游者走失，导游人员应立即组织寻找。一般留下照顾在场其他旅游者的是(

)

该团全陪

该团地陪

该团领队

该团的游客代表

100、导游王小姐所带的一个来自新加坡的旅游团，在旅途中一名侨居新加坡的老华侨丢失了护照，导游王小姐应带这位老先生持遗失证明到(

)报失，并申请新护照，

新加坡驻华使领馆

旅游目的地所在的省(区市)公安局或授权的公安机关

当地中国旅行社

当地侨务办公室

1、一名游客在游览滕王阁时，突发心脏病倒在地上，导游员的正确做法首先是(

)

立即送附件医院抢救

立即将病人台至通风出

把自己所带心脏病药给客人服下

让亲属或领队寻找自备用药

2、香港游客在广州旅游时，不慎丢失港澳居民来往内地通行证，地陪应协助游客首先

(

)

到地接社开出丢失证明

向广州市公安部门报失

到当地公安机关领取一次性有效的《中华人民共和国入出境通行证》

向通行证受理机关报失并申请领发新的通行证 10

3、下列不属于治安是故的是(

)

行凶抢劫

骚乱

偷盗诈骗

赌博 10

4、下列属于错误的是(

)

火警电话119

交通事故报警电话112

治安是故报警电话110

救护电话120 10

5、导游语言运用地时必须遵守三大基本原则，其中体现导游语言艺术性和趣味性的是(

)

清楚

正确

生动

形象 10

6、“口齿清晰、读音准确”是导游语言--------性的表现(

)

清楚

正确

生动

形象

7、导游人员讲解时要谨慎使用敬语和谦语，这体现了导游语言的--------性原则(

)

清楚

正确

生动

形象

8、讲解时不仅要求导游人员讲话的单调正确优美、节奏适中、语法无误、用词恰当，更要求导游人员的思维逻辑清晰，讲解的中心内容明确，有整体性和连贯性，目的是为了(

)

使导游语言生动流畅

使导游语言通俗易懂

使语音语调、语法、用词造句正确

措辞恰当、组合相宣;层次分明，逻辑性强 10

9、当外国游客问导游“你认为在中国人民心中是毛泽东更伟大还是邓小平更伟大”类似问题时，最好采用------回绝方式(

)

柔和式

迂回式

诱导式

模糊式

110、导游讲解要因人而异、有的放矢，指的是导游方法的------原则(

)

灵活性

针对性

变异性

以客观事实为依托

11、导游员带领旅游者游览庐山锦锈谷一景“天桥”时，宜采用的导游讲解方法是(

)

制造悬念法

突出重点法

虚实结合法

分段讲解法

12、在讲解八一起义纪念馆这样在规模较大的重要的景点时，宜采用讲解方法是(

)

问答法

突出重点法

画龙点睛法

分段讲解法

13、在介绍龙虎山时，突出介绍其三大特色“道教文化、碧水丹山、崖墓”属于(

)

制造悬念法

画龙点睛法

触景生情法

突出重点法

14、在对英国游客讲解汤显祖在中国戏剧发展史上的重要作用时，为了使客人更好的理解就把其比喻为“东方的莎士比亚”，这种方法是(

)

虚实结合法

问答法

画龙点睛法

类比法

15、某旅游团原计划早上自南昌飞往北京，因未订上早上的票而改乘下午的航班，导游人员在给游客解释时说“你们的心情我理解，也表示抱歉，我们到时与北京联系后，可以直接不回居住的饭店，而去看京戏。晚上再加点活动，另外还可以在南昌多玩半天”。游客基本上认同，在此过各程中，导游采取的是(

)

诱导式劝服

双赢式劝服

暗示式劝服

提醒式劝服

16、导游人员对文化层次较高的游客讲解滕王阁时，可以讲解第三层各匾额的出处和涵义，以及王勃的《滕王阁序》，这体现了导游讲解的(

)

现实性

灵活性

针对性

生动性

17、导游人员介绍樟树市药交会的盛况，提到“药不过樟树不灵，药不到樟树不全”，这是运用了导游讲解的(

)

类比法

突出重点法

画龙点睛法

名人效应法

18、导游员在带团游览赣州八镜台时，先介绍了八镜台的概况，然后对游客说到;“江西为什么简称“赣”?答案可以在八镜台找到。这种导游讲解方法属于(

)

分段讲解法

画龙点睛法

虚实结合法

制造悬念法

19、地陪小赵带团到井冈山游览的途中，看到果树下红色的土壤时，他给游客介绍了我国各地土壤的情况及成因，让游客了解了更多的知识，小赵在讲解中运用了-----讲解方法。(

)

分段讲解法

虚实结合法

类比法

触景生情法

120、导游员小董带一个上海团参观市容时，在南昌万寿宫市场，他对游客说：“这里相当于上海的城隍庙”。此时小董用的导游方法属于类比法中的(

)

第二篇：综合英语教程2,unit1

综合英语教程

Unit 1 Someone waiting

Part1

Important sentences

1. He is nowhere to be found .

2. He strikes me like an unreliable person.

3. His words struck a slightly false note for me.

4. Love is like coke : sometime you get as the product of making something else. Words

Efficiently效率高的，有能力的

Mysterious 神秘的，奇怪的，不易解释的

Cue提示，暗示

Arrogant傲慢的，自大的

Instructive富有教益的

Presentation表演

Pavement人行道

Sidewalk

Lamppost 电灯柱

Backbag背包

Oblivious 不管

Bulge 鼓鼓的

Neglect 被人忽视的

Spectacular 壮丽的

Awe敬畏

Neutral中立的

Favourable 给人好印象的

Part2 reading comprehensionandlanguage activities

Someone waitingI am siting at the airport watching people in the final moments before their loved ones arrive or depart . They are pacing ,nervous,looking at one another ,touching and not touching .the emotion is charged . A woman,speaking Spanish,is running in circles trying to gather family members together for a good-bye.Her voice is high-pitched .When the final moment comes before boarding,she wraps her arms around her son,giving hin a powerful embrace that should protect him until he returns.

A grandmother andgrandson stand at the rail where I am waiting;the people who are supposed to pick them up are late.Two ladies,next to them but unrelated ,look up and down the corridor as if scanning an open sea.A mother holds a baby as she kissed her husband.Tears dampen her cheeks.The moment is charged. At Gate 13 ,the arrivals are just coming in.” I see her. There she is.”Just as poigant,the arrivals fold into the mix of people as if they have been the missing ingredient. There are tears and smiles.,pure delight ringing in the laughter of seeing someone who has been gone.

I sit,glancing at my book,waiting for my turn to leave,alone because the ones I love have a different shedule from mine,and the one I am going to see,a daughter,is at the other end of my journey.

I think of other departures and arrivals. I recall seeing my daughter,the daughter I an going to visit, coming down that narrow corridor with her backbag slung on one shoulder, her overstuffed carry-on cradled in her arms, her headphone making her oblivious to the stream of people flowing along with her. She was in her frist year at university coming home for a holiday in Novermber –the frist time since August.I wrapped myself around her as if she had been lost to me.

Today my flight is two hours late. The book I am reading is not as interesting as the people leaving and coming,coming and leaving. A little boy about five is meeting his grandfather for the frist time. He looks up and up at the face of a man who is not that tall,except to a child. Joy shines down and up,and I am wandering how one would cather this moment in words or on film.

When myflight is finally called,I gather my books and carry-on. Since there is no one to see me off, I do not look back to see where I have come from. Instead, I think of my husband at work wonding if I have left yet, and my daghret at the other end wondering the same thing. As I head toward the plane,I find myself remember yet another arrival and departure. When I was a newlywed, my 91-year-old granderfather died. We had been very close, and one evening,returning from his funeral, I arrived at the airport crying. My husband of only a year was

waiting at the gate to take me in his arms. Because of my tears,

everyone was looking at us, but I didn’t care. Somehow the emotion I felt seemed not at all out of place for the airport.

(黄色为重点字词，红色为重点句子)

Solemn 庄严的

Whimper 哭泣，低泣

Tug 拖拉拽(几次用力)

Show you their teeth 要挟(孩子)

The dawn will follow the dark

Sacrifice

Noble 崇高的

Fudge 法奇软糖

Frosting 给覆上糖霜

Of one’s own accord 主动自愿

Torture 拷打折磨

Resort to sth. 诉诸，求助于

They’ll give you one more chance to tell them of you own accord .tf you don’t, they will have to resort to torture.

Relife from pain

Earnestly非常认真的

Conventional 依照惯例的，传统的，普通的

Pester 打扰，纠缠

Cope with

sharpen

ashen 面色苍白的，没有血色的

earthen陶制的

harden变硬，硬化

lighten 变明亮，变成淡色

strengthen 增强，巩固

fasten (使两部分)系牢，扎牢，扣紧

fastener纽扣，扣件，拉链

milestone 重要事件，重要阶段

第三篇：新标准大学英语综合教程1 答案Unit1-4

Unit 1

Active reading 1

4 Match the words and expressions in the boxwith their definitions. 1 to make a sincere statement that you are telling the truth (swear) 2 a piece of flesh that connects bones and moves a particular part of yourbody (muscle) 3 to make you admire or respect someone (impress) 4 to drink in small amounts (sip) 5 a period of time between two events (gap) 6 to arrive somewhere and give your personal details to the person workingat the reception desk (check in) 5 Replace the underlined words with thecorrect form of the words and expressions in the box.

1 There was only just enough room for two people. (barely) 2 Be careful or you’ll accidentally pour your drink down your clothes. (spill) 3 He was completely unaware of what to do in the library. (ignorant) 4 She was very clever and got excellent grades. (intelligent) 5 You write your name on the list to join the club. (sign up) 6 She tells me that she’s definitely read the book. (assures) She assures me that she’s read the book.

7 I need to go and buy some tea, I have finished it all. (run out of) I need to go and buy some tea, I have run out of it. 6 Answer the questions about the words andexpressions.

1 Is a warden likely to be (a) a teacher at the college, or (b) someonewho looks after the hall of residence? 2 Is a tutor likely to be (a) a teacher, or (b) astudent? 3 If you go along somewhere, do you (a) go to aplace and join other people there, or (b) walk a long way to get to a place? 4 If you rent out a room, do you (a) paint and decorate it, or (b) allow itto be used by someone who pays you regularly to use it? Active reading 2

Dealing with unfamiliar words

4 Replace the underlined words with thecorrect form of the words in the box. 1 When he speaks, people notice that he sounds Irish. (detect) 2 Frank McCourt had read a lot of books which was deserving respect consideringhe had no high school education. (admirable) 3 You can tell the students on the underground trains by the number ofbooks they carry. (subways) 4 The woman in the admissions office suggests that his European educationis not good enough. (inadequate) 5 The professor was writing very quickly in his notebook. (scribbling) 6 Many immigrants came to America to escape extremely bad treatmentbecause of their race, religion or political beliefs in their own countries. (persecution) 5 Answer the questions about the expressions.

1 I’m in heaven Does this mean I’m (a) delighted, or (b)unhappy?

2 ideas don’t drop fully formed from the skies Does this mean thatideas (a) need to be developed with careful thinking, or (b) areimmediately created through good teaching? 3 in the long run Does this mean (a) at a timein the future, or (b) with a great deal of effort? 4 frighten the life out of someone Does this mean (a) to makesomeone very ill, or (b) to make someone extremely afraid andnervous? Language in use with / without

1 Match the sentences with the uses of with /without . 1 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 4 (c) 5 (c) 6 (d) 2 Rewrite the sentences using with / without.

1 Her tutor moves his head from side to side. He spills his coffee intothe saucer. With his head moving from side to side, her tutor spills his coffee intothe saucer. 2 “Splendid,” he says. He doesn’t wait for an answer. “Splendid,” he says, without waiting for an answer. 3 Frank McCourt speaks in class. He has an Irish accent. Frank McCourt speaks in class with an Irish accent. 4 He plans to go on the subway. He has the books covered in purple andwhite NYU jackets. He plans to go on the subway with the books covered in purple and whiteNYU jackets. 5 He’s only allowed to take two courses. He isn’t told why. He’s only allowed to take two courses without being told why.

6 He would like to ask a question. He doesn’t like to raise his hand. He would like to ask a question without raising his hand. collocations

3 Read the explanations of the words andexpressions. Answer the questions.

1 climb When you climb into / out of / throughsomething, you do it with difficulty. (a) So why does the writer’s father climb out of the room? Because the room is very small. (b) Why would you climb into bed? You would climb into bed if you are so tired that it feels like a hugeeffort. (c) If you climb through a hole, what do you do with your body? You would probably need to bend over, and crawl through the hole. 2 spill This word usually suggests several ideas: liquid,accidentally, movement and out of control. (a) What has happened if you’ve spilt coffee all over your desk? You have accidentally knocked over a cup / mug and the coffee has gone(uncontrolled) all over the desk. (b) What has happened if toys spilt out all over the carpet? The toys are in a container, such as a box, and either the box is too fullso some toys are falling out onto the carpet, or the box has been tipped over so most of the toys havefallen out of the box. (c) What might be happening if crowds were spilling out of the bars andrestaurants? Many people would be leaving the bars and restaurants all at once,probably because they were closing for the night. 3 join When you join something, you become part of it. Thewriter joins a queue, and several clubs. (a) When might someone join a band? When they can play a musical instrument and want to play with others. (b) What has happened if you join the unemployed? You have lost your job and become unemployed. (c) What do you do when you join in? You do the same activity that most other people are doing. 4 burst into This phrase suggests that something suddenly happens,or someone suddenly starts doing something. (a) What does the writer suddenly start doing when she bursts intotears? The writer suddenly starts crying. (b) What bursts into bloom? Flowers, when they emerge from buds. (c) What do you do when something bursts into flames? Put out the flames immediately if you can, or keep well clear and call theemergency services (the fire brigade). 5 clean This word usually suggests several ideas: not dirty, notillegal or wrong, without problems, inoffensive. (a) If you’ve got a clean licence, what have or haven’t you done?

This refers to a driving licence. It means that you have been drivingsafely or at least you have no penalty points on the licence – a person gets such points as a punishmentafter breaking the law on the roads, eg speeding or causing an accident, and the licence then has anote on it (it’s not “clean”)

and the police have a record. (b) If you use clean language, what do you avoid saying? You avoid using swear words or other examples of bad language. (c) If something has a clean bill of health, is it healthy orworking correctly? Here this phrase is used metaphorically and means something is workingproperly, for example, a car might have a clean bill of health, after a check or test thatit is working properly. 6 easy This word usually suggests that something is not difficultor doesn’t need much work. It can also suggest that a person is confident,happy and not worried about anything. (a) If someone is easy-going, how do they behave with other people? An easy-going person behaves in a relaxed, calm manner with othersand is happy to accept things without getting worried or angry. (b) If someone is easy on the eye, how do they look? A person who is easy on the eye is pleasant to look at inappearance and in the way they dress. (c) If something is easier said than done, is it more or lessdifficult to do? When something is easier said than done, it is easy to talk about,but difficult to achieve. (d) If someone tells you to “Take it easy”, what are they tellingyou to do? When they tell you to “Take it easy” they can mean either of twothings: You should rest and not do things that will make you tired, or you should keep calm, being less upsetor angry. 4 Complete the sentences using thecollocations in Activity 3.

1 If ever I spill out of my clothes, it’s because I have put on a lot of weight and my clothesdon’t fit me any more. 2 The last time someone made me burst into tears was when I was asmall child and someone hurt me. 3 I always use clean language when I talk to my teachers or parents. 4 It was easier said than done when someone suggested that we should put the flag on thetop of the mountain. 5 I’ll never forget the time when I had to climb through a window becauseI was locked out of the house. 6 Unfortunately I spilt water over myassignment, so I had to print another copy. 7 When my friends suggested that they wanted to play football on thebeach, I decided to join in. 8 When the cherry trees burst into bloom, I think of myvisit to Japan two years ago. 9 I would only lose my clean licence if ever I had acar accident in which I was driving under the influence of alcohol. 10 The people I think are easy on the eye are attractiveand pleasant to look at. 5 Translate the sentences into Chinese. 1 Finally, with my mother red in the face and short of breath, we find Room8, I unlock the door, and we all walk in. 等我们终于找到8号房间的时候，妈妈已经涨红了脸，累得上气不接下气。我打开门锁，我们都走了进去。 2 She impresses me, and I feel so ignorant that I shouldn’t even breathethe same air as her. 她给我留下了深刻的印象，我觉得自己太无知了，甚至不配跟她呼吸同样的空气。

3 I don’t know why I have to be introduced to literature but the woman inthe admissions office says it’s a requirement even though I’ve read Dostoyevskyand Melville and that’s admirable for someone without a high school education. 我不知道为什么我非得了解文学。可是招生办公室的那位女士说，虽然我读过陀思妥耶夫斯基和梅尔维尔的小说，虽然一个没上过高中的人能读这些书的确令人敬佩，但这门课是必修课。

4 I’m in heaven and the first thing to do is buy the required textbooks,cover them with the purple and white NYU book jackets so that people in thesubway will look at me admiringly. 我乐得飘飘然了，第一件事就是去买所需要的课本，然后用纽约大学紫白相间的护封把它们套起来，这样地铁里的乘客就会向我投来艳羡的目光了。

5 Then the professor tells us ideas don’t drop fully formed from theskies, that the Pilgrims were, in the long run, children of the Reformationwith an accompanying world-view and their attitudes to children were soinformed. 接着，教授告诉我们，观念并不是从天而降的现成品。从长远来看，清教徒是宗教改革运动的产物，他们继承了宗教改革运动的世界观，并且他们对孩子的态度也由此体现了宗教改革运动

的思想。

6 Translate the sentences into English.

1 他们对业余剧社的介绍给苏菲留下了深刻的印象，于是她就报了名。(Amateur Dramatics; sign up for) Theirintroduction of Amateur Dramatics impressed Sophie so much that she signed upfor it. 2 网络教育为全职人员提供了利用业余时间接受继续教育的机会。(work full time) Onlineeducation provides those who work full time with opportunities to receivefurther education in their spare time. 3 刚上大学时，他不知道是否需要把老师讲的内容一字不落地都记下来。(be supposed to; scribble down) When hefirst arrived at university, he was not sure whether he was supposed toscribble down every word out of the professor’s mouth. 4 没有人觉察出他隐藏在笑容背后的绝望。(detect) No onedetects his despair well hidden behind his smile. 5 有些学生能轻松自如地与陌生人交谈，可有些学生却很难做到这一点。(be easy about) Somestudents are easy about talking with strangers, while some others find it hardto do so.

Unit 2

Active reading one

Dealing with unfamiliar words 3 Match the words in the box with theirdefinitions.

1 honest about the situation or your opinions, even if this offends people(frank) 2 a place that many people go to for a holiday (resort) 3 tasting extremely good (yummy) 4 containing a lot of liquid, so tasting good (juicy) 5 dark in a way that makes you feel sad or a little afraid (gloomy) 6 lack of experience of life (innocence) 7 the ability to understand and make good judgments about something (perception) 8 ideas, behaviour, or statements that are not true or sensible (nonsense) 4 Replace the underlined words with thecorrect form of the words in the box. 1 The waves were very large in size as they fell onto the beach. (enormous) 2 There was so much seafood that it was holding tightly onto the plate. (clinging) 3 In the area of land where they were visiting, it wasn’t usual to eatfish and chips. (region) 4 When he had eaten the shellfish, he got rid of the shells. (discarded) 5 To eat shellfish you need special tools to break open the shells and digout the food. (implements; crack; scrape) 6 The boy was especially fond of his mother’s bread and cakes from theoven. (baking) 7 Because they’re smooth, wet and quite difficult to hold, it’s quite achallenge to try your first oysters. (slippery) 5 Answer the questions about the words in thebox. 1 Which word means feeling? (emotion) 2 Which word means a feeling that a situation is so bad that there’s nothingyou can do to change it? (despair) 3 Which word means to say you’re not happy with someone or something? (complain) 4 Which word describes how your face looks when you’re annoyed or worriedabout something? (frown) 5 Which word describes something that is unpleasant to taste, smell orsee? (nasty) 6 Which word means to say something to someone in order to have fun byembarrassing or annoying them slightly? (tease) Active reading 2

Dealing withunfamiliar words

4 Answer the questions about the words andexpressions in the box.

1 Is something stimulating likely to make you feel (a) moreactive, or (b) more passive? 2 Are the properties of chocolate likely to be (a) itsfeatures, or (b) the way it’s made? 3 If one thing accounts for another, does it explain (a) themeaning of it, or (b) the reason for it? 4 Is something that is manufactured something (a) handmade, or (b) made in afactory? 5 If chocolate helps release hormones from the brain, does it (a) help causehormones to leave the brain, or (b) contain hormones, then let them go? 6 If you crush something, do you (a) press itstrongly, or (b) squeeze it gently? 7 If you have inherited something, have you got it from (a)society, or (b) your parents? 8 When something melts, does it become (a) solid, or (b) liquid? 9 When you confess something, would you (a) tellpeople, or (b) not tell them? 5 Replace the underlined words with thecorrect form of the words in the box. For a (1) product which you enjoy but don’t really need, chocolate is extremely(2) beneficial to your health. Chocolate as we know it today first appeared inthe 1800s, when liquid chocolate was poured into a (3) shaped container to cooland become solid. Then the chocolate (4) maker Lindt discovered how to make chocolate(5) break easily by adding extra cocoa butter, and Daniel Peter first made milkchocolate using milk which had been (6) concentrated and then mixed with cocoa paste,which gave it a smoother (7) taste. But the (8) appeal for so many people ofchocolate is both an (9) inherited (10) characteristic and an effect of the 300chemicals it contains, including vitamins. Key: (1) luxury (2) nourishing (3) mould (4) manufacturer (5) snap (6) condensed (7) flavour (8) popularity (9) genetic (10) trait

Language in use

giving extrainformation 1 Rewrite the sentences.

1 The restaurant was in a French seaside resort by the Atlantic Ocean. Youget excellent seafood from the Atlantic Ocean. The restaurant was in a French seaside resort by the Atlantic Ocean, whereyou get excellent seafood. 2 My father had decided to take me for lunch to a restaurant. He wanted meto try my first oyster. My father, who wanted me to try my first oyster, had decided to take mefor lunch to a restaurant. 3 The oyster was unlike anything I have ever tasted before or since. Itwas slippery. The oyster, which was slippery, was unlike anything I have ever tastedbefore or since. 4 Chocolate is made from the beans of the cacao tree, Theobroma cacao.Theobroma cacao means “food of the gods”.

Chocolate is made from the beans of the cacao tree, Theobroma cacao, whichmeans “food of the gods”.

5 The world’s best-selling type of chocolate, milk chocolate, didn’tappear until the end of the 19th century. Milk chocolate is sweeter and smoother than dark chocolate. The world’s best-selling type of chocolate, milk chocolate, which issweeter and smoother than dark chocolate, didn’t appear until the end of the 19th century.

6 Daniel Peter perfected the process of making milk chocolate. He was Swiss. Daniel Peter, who was Swiss, perfected the process of making milkchocolate. leaving out words

2 Rewrite the sentences. 1 ... and the waiter had already brought an enormous portion of seafood, crabs,prawns, lobsters and all sorts of shellfish which were clinging onto each other... ... and the waiter had already brought an enormous portion of seafood, crabs,prawns, lobsters and all sorts of shellfish clinging onto each other ... 2 On his plate was a pile of discarded lobster claws, and alongside was abattery of implements which were used to crack the shells ... On his plate was a pile of discarded lobster claws, and alongside was abattery of implements used to crack the shells ... 3 The next development was learning how to get cocoa butter from the beans,a process which was first tried in 1825. The next development was learning how to get cocoa butter from the beans,a process first tried in 1825. 4 Condensed milk is a thick, sweet milk which is sold in cans. Condensed milk is a thick, sweet milk sold in cans. 5 Hormones are a chemical substance which is produced by your body. Hormones are a chemical substance produced by your body. word formation

3 Form new words with the following words andthe prefixes / suffixes in the table. air – airsick car – carsick fiction – non-fiction help – helpful sea – seasick shop – shopaholic smoker – non-smoker spoon – spoonful stop – non-stop work – workaholic 4 Answer the questions with the words youformed in Activity 3. What’s the word for:

1 how you feel if the sea makes you ill? (seasick) 2 someone who likes shopping a lot? (shopaholic) 3 what something is if it is useful and providing help? (helpful) 4 what a flight is if it goes directly from one place to another? (non-stop) 5 someone who doesn’t smoke? (non-smoker) 6 writing which is about real people and events, not imaginary ones? (non-fiction) 5 Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1 Outside the skies were grey and a strong wind was blowing off the sea.It looked as gloomy as I felt. 外面，天空灰蒙蒙的，海面上刮来一阵强风。天气看起来和我的心情一样阴郁。

2 “Now, stop complaining, try one oyster for me, then you can have somethingnice and easy to eat, maybe some prawns with bread and butter,” he suggested,striking a note of compromise for the first time during the whole meal. “好啦，别抱怨了，就给我尝一只牡蛎，然后你就可以吃些好吃、顺口的东西，比如对虾加黄油面包。”他提议说。吃了这么长时间的饭，他的话中第一次有了妥协的意思。

3 But with the clear conception which only a ten-year-old boy can have, Istill understood that the compromise included eating that oyster, sitting on the side of my father’splate. 但是，尽管清晰地感觉到了他的妥协——只有一个十岁的男孩才有这样的感觉，我仍然明白这妥协包含着吃掉那只牡蛎，那只放在我父亲的盘子边上的牡蛎。

4 The chocolate sets into bars which will easily snap into pieces and thenmelt in the mouth. (添加了可可油后)巧克力凝固成易折断的条块，入口即化。

5 But what accounts for its amazing popularity or even the properties thathave made millions of peopleconfess to being chocaholics? 但是，是什么原因使得巧克力出奇地畅销?又是什么原因导致了巧克力的上瘾特性，使无数人承认自己是巧克力迷呢?

6 Translate the sentences into English.

1 他们这儿不卖薯条，如果你想吃，得去肯德基或麦当劳。(serve) They don’t serve chips / French fries here. If you want them, you have togo to a KFC or McDonald’s.

2 他拣起一个核桃，想用锤子把它砸开，可没想到却把它砸碎了。(crack; crush) He picked up a walnut and tried to crack it with a hammer, but instead hecrushed it. 3 当金子加热融化后，他们把金水倒进模子，铸成金条。(melt; mould) When the gold was heated and melted, they poured it into a mould to form agold bar. 4 他承认是他打破了教室的窗玻璃。(admit to) He admitted to breaking the window of the classroom. 5 令我们欣喜的是，新的经济计划开始对经济发展产生积极影响。(have „ effecton)

To our delight, the new economic policy is beginning to have a positive effecton the economy.

Unit 3

Active reading one

Dealing with unfamiliar words

4 Match the words in the box with theirdefinitions.

1 to move your body so it is closer to or further from someone orsomething (lean) 2 a total amount made by adding several numbers or amounts together (sum) 3 the ability to think about and plan for the future, using intelligenceand imagination (vision) 4 used for emphasizing that something refers to one specific situation (particularly) 5 a feeling that you do not trust someone or something (suspicion) 6 to press or move your hands or an object over a surface (rub) 5 Answer the questions about the words andexpressions in the box.

1 If you are doing an advanced course in something, is it at (a) a highlevel, or (b) a low level? 2 If you peer at something, is it (a) difficult, or (b) easy tosee? 3 If you get a glimpse of something, do you see it (a) clearly andfor a long time, or (b) not very clearly and for a short time? 4 Is a radical idea (a) traditional and widely accepted, or (b) new anddifferent? (This word indicates some fundamental changes in ideas or actions.) 5 If you are in agony about something, do you feel (a) in painand uncomfortable, or (b) happy and comfortable? 6 If you do something in the presence of someone, are they (a) with you, or (b)somewhere else? 7 If someone affirmed something, did they (a) show theyrespect and approve of it, or (b) not respect or disapprove of it? 8 If you do something on purpose, do you (a) mean to doit, or (b) do itby accident? 6 Complete the sentences with the correctform of the words and expressions in the boxes in Activities 4 and 5.

1 Many people greet radical ideas with suspicion because they areafraid of change. 2 Looking at the drawings of Leonardo da Vinci, you feel as if you are inthe presence of a genius whohad an extraordinary vision of the future. 3 You need to peer closely at the figures on the board, particularly as thehandwriting is so bad. 4 It doesn’t take an advanced level ofintelligence to realize that you need at least two numbers to be ableto workout the sum. 5 If you lean forwards, you may see the star as he comes out of the theatre, but you’llprobably only catcha glimpse of him.

6 I rubbed some medicine onto the wound hoping to stop the pain, but I’m still in agony. 7 Tom’s excellent exam results affirmed the teacher’sfaith in his ability. 8 The police think the fire was started on purpose. 7 Answer the questions about the words andexpressions.

1 If you thwart something, do you (a) stop it, or (b)encourage it? 2 If there is a dearth of something, is there (a) a lot of it, or (b) not enough? 3 Does unmitigated encouragement suggest (a) completely positive,or (b) slightly negative support? 4 If a teacher is maligned by their pupils, do you think they say(a) nice things, or (b) bad things about theteacher? 5 If you humiliate someone, do you make them feel (a) good, or (b) upset andembarrassed? 6 If someone speaks at length, do they speak (a) for a longtime, or (b) for a short time? 7 If something is prevalent, does it occur (a) often, or (b) notvery often?

Active reading 2

Dealing with unfamiliar words

4 Match the words in the box with theirdefinitions.

1 to connect or combine two or more things so that together they form aneffective unit (integrate) 2 involving a lot of imagination and new ideas (creative) 3 connecting ideas in a sensible way (logical) 4 to move something from one place to another (transfer) 5 expressing an opinion when you think something is wrong or bad (critical) (This definition is only one aspect of this word. Being critical does notalways refer to a negative aspect of something. Ss can look in a dictionary forother definitions.) 6 working well and producing the result that was intended (effective) 7 to recognize something and understand exactly what it is (identify) 8 to create or produce (generate) 9 to remember something (recall) 5 Complete the passage with the correct formof the words in Activity 4.

Writing an essay requires a number of special skills. One of these is to(1) transfer information from different sources into a single, short document. Another is to present anargument which is (2) logical and easy tounderstand. And, of course, to be (3) effective an essay shouldbe properly planned and researched. Luckily, the Internet can help you withthis research. Most students these days (4) integrate their own readingof a subject with Internet searches. But it is not easy to use the Internet.You should always be (5) critical of what you findand not just use the first web page. A quick search of the Web for a particulartopic may (6) generate thousands of hits, but you must be able to (7) identify the informationyou need. You should be able to (8) recall where you foundit too, because it is important to refer to your sources of information. Andfinally, you need to be (9) creative – because an essay should be an original piece of work. 6 Replace the underlined words with thecorrect form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.

1 Doing a doctorate makes it possible to become an expert in a particularfield. (specialize) 2 I remember the main point of what he was saying, but I can’t rememberwhere it was we had the conversation. (thrust; the setting in which) 3 It’s a very long and difficult book, and I’m afraid people may feel undergreat pressure when they turnthe first pages. (overwhelmed) 4 Ours is a small university, but the teaching is organized in a sensibleand practical way. (rational) 5 Students can get help with money. (financial) Students can get financial help. 6 The amount of help is different from one university to another. (extent;varies) 7 Answer the questions about the words andexpressions.

1 If you hone a skill, do you (a) improve it, or (b) forgetit? (The word hone also indicates the improvement of a skill that isalready well-developed.) 2 If you strike a balance between two things, do you (a) choose oneof them, or (b) find a middle way? 3 Is an open-ended discussion one which (a) doesn’tcome to a conclusion, or (b) anyone can join in? 4 If you assimilate information, are you likely to (a) take it inand use it effectively, or (b) analyze it and reject it asirrelevant? 5 Is something which is subjective likely to be based on (a) fact,or (b) your own feelings or ideas? 6 If you get bogged down in something, are you (a) enjoying it, or (b) not ableto get free from it? 7 Is a step-by-step approach likely to (a) jump to a conclusion, or(b) moveforwards slowly and logically?

Language in use much

1 Match the sentences with the uses of much . 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (a) 2 Rewrite the sentences using not think muchof. 1 I didn’t think that lesson was very good. I didn’t think much of that lesson.

2 None of us like the timetable we’ve been given for this term.

None of us think much of the timetable we’ve been given for this term. 3 I’m afraid I’ve got strong doubts about what I’ve written. I’m afraid I don’t think much of what I’ve written. 4 Our professor is always criticizing this book. Our professor doesn’t think much of this book. 5 I don’t like the theme of this week’s essay.

I don’t think much of the theme of this week’s essay.

6 I don’t agree with Honey and Mumford’s ideas about learning types. I don’t think much of Honey and Mumford’s ideas about learning types. 3 Complete the sentences using much rather ormuch prefer . 1 I’d much rather work in thelibrary than in my room. 2 Li would much rather study with afriend than on her own. 3 Personally I much prefer taking notes to being givenphotocopies. 4 Some people would much rather start writingstraight away than spend a lot oftime reading. Now write two more sentences about your ownstudy preferences. Use much rather and much prefer .

• I would much rather listen to lecturesthan read the lecture notes.

• I would much prefer asking questionsafter class to asking questions in class. 4 Rewrite the sentences using much less .

1 I can’t even say two words in Chinese, so I definitely can’t speak thelanguage. I can’t even say two words in Chinese, much less speak the language.

2 Basic study skills are often not taught here, and certainly notpractised. Basic study skills are often not taught here, much less practised. 3 Nobody has even started the essay, let alone finished it. Nobody has even started the essay, much less finished it. 4 Hardly anyone in the room heard what the lecturer was saying, and so ofcourse they didn’t understand him. Hardly anyone in the room heard what the lecturer was saying, much lessunderstood him. 5 I haven’t got a PC in my room, so obviously I haven’t got an Internetconnection. I haven’t got a PC in my room, much less an Internet connection.

6 I didn’t dare say anything after the lesson, let alone criticize what hesaid. I didn’t dare say anything after the lesson, much less criticize what hesaid. while / when +participle 5 Rewrite the sentences.

1 When you choose a course, think about the amount of study it willrequire. When choosing a course, you should think about the amount of study it willrequire. 2 When you are writing an essay, you should keep in mind the main theme. When writing an essay, you should keep in mind the main theme. 3 Always keep a record of your sources when you do research on theInternet. Always keep a record of your sources when doing research on the Internet. 4 Our lecturer uses PowerPoint while he is explaining basic concepts. Our lecturer uses PowerPoint while explaining basic concepts. 5 I had a brilliant idea while I was sitting in the library this morning. I had a brilliant idea while sitting in the library this morning. subject-verbinversion

6 Rewrite the sentences using subject-verbinversion.

1 If I had known what this week’s lecture was about, I wouldn’t have gone. Had I known what this week’s lecture was about, I wouldn’t have gone. 2 I would have corrected the work, if I had noticed the mistake. I would have corrected the work had I noticed the mistake. 3 If you had thought about this a little earlier, you wouldn’t be introuble now. Had you thought about this a little earlier, you wouldn’t be in troublenow. 4 If he had shared his ideas with us, we would have made some progress. Had he shared his ideas with us, we would have made some progress. 5 They would have improved the facilities, if they had received more moneyfrom the government. They would have improved the facilities had they received more money fromthe government. 7 Complete the sentences about yourself usingthe inversion structure Had I + verb. 1 I would have enjoyed myself more had I had ahigher university entrance exam score for computer science. 2 Had I known about this football match, I would havemade different arrangements for the weekend. 3 I wouldn’t have worked so hard had I known the exam was so easy. 4 Had I received this college’s information earlier, I would havegone to a different college. 8 Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1 When was the last organizational vision statement you saw that includedthe words “„ to develop ourselves into a model environment in which everyone at every level canthink for themselves”?

“„„在我们周围逐渐创建出一个模型环境，使各个层次的人都有独立思考的空间。”你最后一次看到包含上述字眼的机构愿景陈述是在什么时候?

2 Had she affirmed our intelligence first and spoken about the joy of thinkingfor ourselves, had she not fanned our fear of her, we would all have learnedeven more powerfully what it meant to do our own thinking. And we might havebeen able to think well around her too. 要是她一开始就肯定我们的聪明才智，给我们讲讲独立思考的乐趣，要是她没有激起我们对她的畏惧，我们大家就能更深切地体会到独立思考的意义。而且，我们在她面前也会更好地开动脑筋、思考问题。

3 Like everyone else, students have their fair share of problems. Gettingto know a new environment, forming relationships with other students, and surviving on limitedfinancial resources are all typical problems. 和其他人一样，学生们也有他们自己必须面对的问题。典型的问题包括熟悉新环境、与其他同学相处，以及靠有限的经济来源维持生活。

4 Talk to some of your friends after a lecture or a tutorial and you willprobably find they remember different things about it – which may be more or less relevant to theteacher’s aims. 下课后或个别指导后，如果你和朋友们聊一聊，你可能会发现他们所记住的东西不尽相同，但或多或少都与老师的教学目的相关。

5 Effective reading requires you to vary your rate and style of readingaccording both to the type of reading material and your purpose in reading it. 有效的阅读需要你根据不同的阅读材料和阅读目的来调整阅读的速度和方式。 9 Translate thesentences into English.

1 老师很有可能不欣赏不会独立思考的学生。(not think muchof „; think for oneself) It is most likely that teachers won’t think much of students who cannotthink for themselves. 2 他上中学的时候，几乎没有什么人去做科学实验，更谈不上接受这方面的训练了。(hardly; much less) When he was in high school, hardly anyone did scientific experiments, muchless had training in this respect. 3 嫉妒是由懒惰和无知造成的。(the result of„) Envy is the result of laziness and ignorance. 4 有些大学生是根据自己的专业来选择志愿服务的，而不是碰到什么就做什么。(volunteer job;rather than) Rather than picking any volunteer job, some college students chooseactivities based on their majors. 5 最好的办法就是把学生分成若干小组，让他们针对具体的问题进行讨论。(break up „ into„; focus on)

The best approach is to break the students up into several groups so that theycan focus their discussion on specific problems. Unit 4

Active reading 1

Dealing with unfamiliar words

4 Answer the questions about the words fortelephoning. 1 What do subscribers pay for? Subscribers pay for line rental so that they will be able to make phonecalls. In other contexts, they may pay for newspapers, magazines or being amember of a club or professional association. 2 What part of the phone is the handset? The handset is the part that you hold in your hand. 3 What can you do if you’re in range of a mobile signal? If you’re in range of a mobile signal, you can make and receive calls. 4 What kind of phone is a house phone? A house phone is a landline phone (a fixed phone for the whole house). 5 If you can use a mobile anywhere, where can you use a landline? You can use a landline only where there is a wire connection (thetelephone signals are carried by a line). 6 What has happened if you receive voicemail? If you receive voicemail, it means that someone has left a spoken messagewhich has been recorded on your phone so that you can listen to it later. 5 Replace the underlined words with thecorrect form of the words and expressions in the box. You may need to makeother changes.

1 The businessman uses his mobile in his free time, while he mostly useshis landline at work. (whereas) 2 The businessman and the working mother don’t consider their mobilephones to be a basic and important part of their lives. (essential) The businessman and the working mother don’t consider their mobile phonesto be an essential. 3 When she didn’t have her mobile, she became confident and not afraid ofpeople. (bold) 4 Nothing usually gets in the way of my social life, but on this occasion,not having a mobile phone meant I spent three days alone. (interfereswith) 5 The passage describes the strong effect of mobile phones on their lives.(impact) 6 Soon the mobile signal will be increased to cover the whole of London. (extended) 6 Complete the paragraph with the correctform of the words in the box. Information technology in general and mobile phones in particular havebeen important in bringing about an (1) utter change to our lifestyles. But the problem with mobile phones is that theycan (2) distract you from doing your job. The businessman gives his mobile phone number to(3) practically everyone he knows. Without his mobile, he isn’t necessarily able to do thingsimpulsively. He (4) speculates that he could give up his mobile, but life would be rather (5) tedious and dull withoutit. The schoolgirl has to make social arrangements on thelandline at home in order to avoid having a (6) solitary life for a few days. At firstthe working mother thinks it’s (7) risky not to have amobile phone, as her family might be in danger. Herfirst (8) impulse is to worry that they couldn’t contact her, although they think she’smaking a (9) fuss about not having a mobile. Finally she feels it is like (10) therapy when no one interruptsher. Active reading 2

Dealing with unfamiliar words

4 Match the words in the box with theirdefinitions.

1 the distance from one side of an object to the other (breadth) 2 a hit or knock to a part of your body (bump) 3 slightly nervous, worried, or upset about something (uneasy) 4 strange and unusual, sometimes in a way that upsets you (weird) 5 thinking seriously about something (thoughtful) 6 a feeling that you do not understand something or cannot decide what todo (confusion) 7 the attitude of someone who is willing to accept someone else’s beliefs,way of life etc without criticizing them even if they disagree with them (tolerance) 8 the ability to notice things (awareness) 9 to include something as a necessary part of an activity, event or situation(involve) 5 Replace the underlined words with thecorrect form of the words in the box. When you meet people from other cultures, there will be many (1) timeswhen someone behaves in a way which you (2) notice as being unusual, but whichis (3) acceptable in their culture. If it (4) attracts your (5) attention, it’s all right to (6) ask about cultural differences,because people are (7) usually happy to (8) reply. But don’t worry if you areunsure about what to do or what to say. Just remember that finding out aboutcultural differences should give you pleasure and not (9) unhappiness anddiscomfort. Key: (1) occasions (2) perceive (3) conventional (4) arouses (5) curiosity (6) inquire (7) generally (8) respond (9) misery

Language in use it + passive voice

1 Rewrite the sentences using it + passivevoice.

1 Russell Crowe couldn’t get a call out to Australia. Someone said this. It was said that Russell Crowe couldn’t get a call out to Australia. 2 Mobile phones have been the biggest factor of change in everyday behaviourin Britain over the past 15 years. Someone has claimed this. It has been claimed that mobile phones have been the biggest factor of changein everyday behaviour in Britain over the past 15 years. 3 When told “Have a nice day!”, an Englishman replied “I’m sorry, I’vemade other arrangements.”

Someone reported this. It was reported that when told “Have a nice day!”, an Englishman replied“I’m sorry, I’ve made other arrangements.” 4 You don’t need to say “Thank you” in Spanish as much as you do inEnglish. Someone has suggested this. It has been suggested that you don’t need to say “Thank you” in Spanish asmuch as you do in English. 5 Disneyland is a typically American place. Someone thinks this. It is thought that Disneyland is a typically American place. 6 Good communication is as stimulating as black coffee. Someone hasbelieved this. It has been believed that good communication is as stimulating as blackcoffee. over

2 Complete the sentences about yourself usingover .

1 I’ve owned a mobile phone over the last three years or so. 2 Over the winter I’ve called my parents every week.

3 Over the summer my best friends and I wenttravelling to South China. 4 Over the last semester my social life has been very limited:I think I need a better study-life balance. 5 Over the last year the number of people from different culturesI’ve met is quite extraordinary, compared to the few I met in middle school. 6 Over the last two weeks my favourite expression in English has been “Go on, youcan do it!”

emphatic structures with what

3 Rewrite the sentences using the emphaticstructure with what . 1 Life can be solitary without a mobile phone. I rediscovered this. What I rediscovered was that life can be solitary without a mobile phone. 2 My mobile phone is an essential, not a luxury. I think this. What I think is that my mobile phone is an essential, not a luxury. 3 The people who needed to, got hold of me. I found this. What I found was that the people who needed to, got hold of me. 4 People kiss each other four times. This happens in Paris. What happens in Paris is that people kiss each other four times. 5 By not saying “Thank you” so often, he was perceived to be rude. Hedidn’t understand this. What he didn’t understand was that by not saying “Thank you” so often, hewas perceived to be rude. 4 Translate the sentences into Chinese. 1 Mobile phones have been the biggest factor of change in everyday behaviourin Britain over the past 15 years. Today it is thought that there are more than55 million mobile phone subscribers, a rise from less than 10 million in 1997. 在过去的15年里，手机已成为改变英国人日常行为方式的最主要的因素。据估计，目前英国手机用户已超过5,500万，而在1997年还不足1,000万。

2 Now it has been announced that the signal range throughout London willbe extended, nowhere in London will be beyond the reach of a mobile phone, noteven the Underground. 现在有消息说，伦敦的手机信号覆盖范围将拓展延伸。以后，在伦敦的每一个角落都有手机信号，就连地铁也不例外。

3 This subject of research aroused my interest and took me the length andbreadth of France. 这个研究话题激起了我的兴趣，为此，我走遍了法国各地。 4 These episodes and incidents all involve a cultural bump, somethingwhich you notice usually with curiosity, usually with pleasure, occasionally with shock orembarrassment. 这些插曲、事件都包含着文化碰撞，使你感到好奇、愉悦，但偶尔也会让你感到震惊或尴尬。 5 But it’s not a matter of knowing all the conventions and rituals indifferent cultures. It’s impossible

to collect all the information you might need to be relaxed in the manydifferent cultures around the world. 但是这不等于说我们需要悉数掌握不同文化的风俗习惯和礼仪。丰富的知识能使你自如地应对世界各国不同的文化，但是你不可能掌握全部必备的知识。 5 Translate the sentences into English.

1 据估计，目前中国4亿手机用户中，有大约一半人的隐私受到了威胁。(it is estimatedthat „; privacy)

It is estimated that today, the privacy of half of the 0.4 billion mobilephone subscribers is in danger. 2 人们在购买生活必需品上的花费越少，他们安排的诸如旅游等娱乐活动就越多。(the less „ the more„)

The less people spend on daily necessities, the more arrangements they willmake for leisure activities, such as travelling. 3 对我来说，旅游最大的好处就是可以去不同的地方，了解不同文化背景下人们的生活方式以及传统习俗。(What Iespecially like about „ is „) What I especially like about travelling is that I can go to differentplaces and learn about particular lifestyles, conventions and customs in different cultures. 4 在大多数情况下，文化碰撞激起的是人们对不同文化的好奇心，只有在极少数情况下，文化碰撞会造成尴尬。(culture bump;on rare occasions) In most cases, cultural bumps arouse people’s curiosity about different cultures.Only on rare occasions can they cause embarrassment. 5 你可以保留自主选择的权利，但作为一个成年人，你做事不要冲动。(reserve theright to; act on impulse) You can reserve the right to make your own choices, but as an adult, youshould not act on impulse.

第四篇：大学体验英语综合教程2课文翻译unit1~unit5

牛津大学

牛津大学是英国最古老的大学，也是世界最著名的高等学府之一。牛津大学始建于12世纪。它位于英格兰的牛津，在伦敦西北约80公里处。

牛津大学有16 300多名学生(1999 — 2000)，其中留学生占将近四分之一，来自130多个国家。牛津大学有35个学院，还有5个由不同宗教团体建立的私立学院。5个私立学院中，有3个只招男生。学院中，圣希尔达和萨默维尔学院只收女生，其他均为男女兼收。

牛津的每个学院都是独立于大学的实体，由该学院的院长和管委会成员负责管理。大部分管委会成员都被称为“导师”，或学院教师，其余的是大学教授和讲师。每个学院管理自己的房产和资产，选举自己的管委会，选择和招收自己的本科生。大学提供一些图书馆、实验室及其他设施，但教学和学生生活主要由各学院负责。

牛津大学给每个学生指定一个导师，他主要通过辅导课监督学生的学习。辅导课是指导师每周与1到2名学生见面一次。学生如需专业指导，还可约见其他的导师，也可选听大学老师讲授的课程。学生选听什么课程是根据自己的兴趣和导师的建议而定的。

学位由大学而不是各个学院授予。最低文科或理科学位是优等文学学士。牛津还在其他众多学科领域授予更高的学位、文凭和证书。

罗兹奖学金面向美国、加拿大和很多其他国家的学生，为他们提供至少两年的牛津学习费用。英国政府为在牛津和其他英国境内的大学求学的美国公民提供“马歇尔奖学金”。

然而，奖学金和助学金的竞争极其激烈，而且通常要求很严。学生们在申请某一项奖学金之前应仔细核查自己是否有资格，因为多数奖学金对学生国籍和(或)课程都有限制。

牛津师生员工积极参与主动招生的活动，2001年这种活动有55项以上，包括走访3 700所中学和学院，以鼓励优秀学生报考牛津大学，而不管其背景如何。

在2001年度的“创新”竞赛中，牛津大学被授予英国最具创新精神的大学称号。该竞赛旨在发现哪一所英国大学在最广的活动领域内取得了创新和进取的最大成就。在2000年全英“教学质量评估”中，牛津在所评估的10个学科中有6个得分高居榜首。

牛津、斯坦福和耶鲁3所大学最近合作开发了“远程学习”项目——“终生学习联盟”，该项目将提供文科和理科的在线课程。

牛津的使命是在教学和研究的各个领域达到并保持领先地位;保持和加强其世界名校的历史地位;通过其研究成果和毕业生的技能促进地区、国家的和全球的发展。

为了实现这个目标，学校将针对知识环境和整个社会发展的需要，为员工提供进行创新研究所需的设施和支持;提倡既富革新精神又严格认真的教学，使教学与研究环境卓有成效地互动从而推动教学，通过辅导课指导和小组学习加速思想的交流，通过开发学校图书馆、博物馆以及科学收藏方面的资源，为毕业生能在国内和国际上一展身手打下基础。

绝无仅有的旅程斯坦福大学亨尼西校长2011年开学典礼致辞(节选) 各位家长、转校生、2015届的同学们：

下午好!欢迎来到斯坦福大学。今天，我们欢迎1709名新生及47名转校生的到来。

我相信，在你们为这一天的到来做准备时，一定曾花费过一些时间来仔细考虑你们在本科教育阶段要追求的目标。如今我们生活在一个伟大变革的时代。科学领域的新发现使我们治疗人类疾病的途径有了突破性进展，也在挑战我们去面对深刻而复杂的伦理问题。我们给环境造成的变化——从全球变暖到各种动植物种群的减少乃至灭绝——迫使我们要面对这样一个问题：我们将如何建立一种可持续生存的模式。世界各地发生的种种冲突事件提醒我们，我们是在与拥有不同信仰、希望和文化的各个民族分享一个小小的星球，理解和尊重他们的企盼和历史对建立一个对大家都会更加美好的世界来说将至关重要。

你们既然已经接受邀请同意成为这所大学的一员，我想大家都会在问同一个问题：“怎样才能充分利用我的大学时光?”基于我三十四年作为斯坦福一员的体验，我可以向各位提出以下几点建议。

我的第一个建议是：去了解学校的老师们。他们选择了追求学术生涯，因为他们对研究学问充满激情并希望与他人分享知识。我们有一支非凡的教师队伍，你们要去了解他们，去探求他们为什么对学术追求充满激情。

在接下来的几年中，你们要结识的同学，他们的背景、文化或信仰会与你们有很大的差异。你们可能会发现，你们的价值观——还有你们的偏见——会受到挑战。我希望你们能对我们所处的这个多元社会有全新的理解和认识，找到建设性的途径去为世界做贡献。有机会向你们的同学学习，这是斯坦福教育的重要组成部分。

你们所选择就读的大学，不仅是一个出色的教育机构，也是一个卓越的研究机构。我鼓励你们好好利用这个条件。要选修和参与学校开设的课程和学术研讨，去探索那些正在促使知识和认识得到创新的科技前沿领域。对我而言，作为一个本科生有机会去参与科学研究，曾引导我从电气工程专业转向了攻读计算机科学硕士专业，点燃了我要站在发现前沿的激情。这股激情伴随我攻读完博士学位，甚至在斯坦福任教三十多年后的今天，它依然让我激动不已。站在发现的前沿，参与新知识的创造，这是一个具有重大意义的经历，足以改变一个人的人生轨迹。

你们即将开始在斯坦福的学习生涯并为要在这里度过的四年光阴做出规划。我衷心希望你们铭记这一点：本科阶段的教育是一生的基础。这是绝无仅有的旅程。它远不只是让你获取第一份工作的门票。这是一个培养你成为终身学习者所需技能和热情的机遇，这种技能和热情无论在你将来的事业领域还是其他领域都是需要的。

在座的各位家长，我向你们保证，斯坦福大学会在未来几年中为同学们提供成长和学习的各种机会。但是这将取决于你们孩子自己的选择，选择能令他们兴奋的事物，选择能激发他们求知激情并能发挥他们的聪明才智的领域。我希望你们能支持他们的选择。我欢迎所有的新生和家长们来到斯坦福大家庭。同学们，我希望你们将在这里度过的时光会改变你们的人生，已经有那么多的校友在这里改变了他们的人生。最后，我希望你们在这里度过的时光将有助于为你们打下一个基础，使你们能够不仅为自己也为后代建设一个更加美好的未来做出贡献。

鼠标轻点，美梦成真

还有不到一个月就要毕业了，特里萨·史密斯还没找到合适的工作，她就读于位于伊利诺州埃文斯顿的西北大学。就业指导中心建议这位文科生去查查JOB-TRAK网站，该网站上列出了45,000个初级水平的职位。

史密斯选择了四个关键词：Chicago(芝加哥)，business(商务)，marketing(营销)，full time(全职)。她马上就找到45个工作合乎她的标准，其中一个是芝加哥商业学院行政助理。四个星期以后，她得到了这份工作，底薪32,000美元。

“我没有受过任何训练，”史密斯说，“但因特网使用很简单。要是没有因特网，我根本不会知道有这份工作。”

不少美国人鼠标一点，就找到了自己的工作。史密斯是其中一个，另一个例子是斯蒂芬·图尔斯。

他住在马里兰州的罗科维尔，1996年无意中进到一个招聘网站CareerBuilder。他在一家生产商展展品的公司工作，刚被提升为营销总管，并不想换工作。但是出于好奇心，他决定“试试看”。

图尔斯填写了一份简历，关键词是market manager(行销经理)，并输入了自己的电子邮箱地址。不到一个星期，他的邮箱里就塞满了可供选择的职位。他去了两家公司面试，然后就跳槽了。“有了因特网，就像雇了一个私人助理，”图尔斯说。“你可以毫不费劲地留意到一些机会，让你的事业上一个新台阶。”

仅在两年以前，因特网上提供的工作绝大部分还局限于高科技领域。现在，非技术性的工作，如售货员、银行职员、秘书等，是网上招聘机会增长最为迅速的部分。大型报纸和专业出版物的分类广告大多都有在线版，求职者能搜索到市内、国内甚至国外的一些工作机会。

马德琳·格拉格和内德扎德·多兹里克也是通过轻点鼠标，在网上碰到了好运。

1996年，圣路易斯的一名高中老师，28岁的马德琳·格拉格，想换个工作。有个朋友提到在日本教书的事，格拉格很感兴趣。

她访问了著名的yahoo!网站，输入了teaching English in Japan(在日本教英语)，找到了一个招聘机会的列表，然后按照在线申请的要求提交了申请。一星期后，她接到一个电话，与芝加哥的一名招聘人员进行了面试，得到了这份工作。

27岁的内德扎德·多兹里克，当时在浏览Houston Chronicle网站，了解最新的棒球消息。在线时，他查看了分类广告，发现一家当地的汽车交易商招聘司机。多兹里克是波斯尼亚的战争难民，曾从事过多种不同的工作，但现在他想换个工作。他从该交易商的网站上了解了该职位的更多情况，然后拨通了上面提供的电话。两天后，他被雇用了。“真有意思，”他说，“我本来只是在查看体育消息，结果却找到了一份更好的工作。”

因特网的另一个好处在于你能够搜索到一些可能的雇主。1997年夏天，温蒂·梅洛开始找工作，她登录到CareerBuilder网站，发现在马里兰州哥伦比亚的Artitron媒体信息服务公司的人力资源部有一个空缺。梅洛鼠标一点，用电子邮件把简历寄到了该公司，很快就收到面试通知。

为了了解该公司的更多情况，她又点击了Artitron的主页，以及它的母公司Ceridian Corp.的主页，查看了一份该公司的年度报告及其财政状况。

梅洛还想了解，要想维持现有的生活水平，自己该赚多少钱。她使用在线薪酬计算器，把自己目前的收入$34,000输进去，再输入Baltimore(巴尔的摩，离哥伦比亚最近的大城市)。短短几秒钟后，电脑屏幕上就闪现出$44,000。“因为有了这个薪酬计算器，我才知道自己该要多少薪水，”梅洛说。

通过上网进入一家在线房地产服务公司网站，梅洛看到了可供租用的房子的彩色照片，包括很详细的楼面格局图。梅洛来到哥伦比亚时，她觉得自己完全做好了准备。面试成功了，第二天，她就得到了一份工作，薪金是47,8000美元。

“因特网很容易使用，而且确实有效，”一个求职者说道，“你还要什么呢?”

梦想的工作：大学生的选择

你想在哪儿工作? 一份新的调查结果显示，答案在很大程度上取决于你是创业型、理想型还是领袖型。

对最近的大学毕业生而言，求职很像在相亲约会时寻找一个伴侣。双方的性格扮演着重要的角色。人人都希望找一个可以真心交往的人，要是长相亮丽也绝无坏处。如果求职真是一场“相亲游戏”，那“谷歌”会是所有性格类型中最受欢迎的钻石王老五，而苹果和华尔特·迪士尼将紧随其后。

调查机构美国优信咨询公司在其对美国大学生进行的一年一度的调查中，请60 000余名调查对象列出他们心目中理想雇主的特点，并将调查结果分为七种性格类型：成就型寻找的是知名品牌以及只招聘最优秀最有才华人才的雇主;创业型想为成长迅速、工作环境富有创意的公司效力;求索型追求的是充满挑战的工作和变化多样的任务;和谐型寻求的是工作和生活的平衡与稳定的职业;逐利型欣赏的是有竞争力的底薪和可观的未来薪酬;理想型青睐的是友好的工作环境和较高的道德水准;而领袖型需要的是成为领导的机会和导师。

优信咨询接着要求大学生们列出他们最想为之效力的五家雇主。优信咨询没有给出综合评分的赢家，但在过去四年中每年都夺冠的谷歌仍然是最受欢迎的，在五种性格类型中高居榜首，在全部七种性格类型中都进入了前三。苹果公司在六种性格类型中进入了前三名，而迪士尼在五种中位列前三，理想型还将其列为第一，超过了谷歌。机遇的魅力

“多样性对我们的业务和文化都至关重要，”凯尔•尤因说，他是谷歌在加州山景城的人才和拓展计划部经理。“员工必须能反应我们的用户群，这意味着我们需要雇用想法、背景、信仰和种族各异的员工。但吸引那么多人来谷歌的还是充满挑战的工作。”

银行降，政府升

谷歌以外，2011年最受欢迎的雇主名单不乏意外。首先，银行、石油公司和四大会计公司对商科学生已失去了昔日的一些光辉。银行业在金融危机中的角色，英国石油公司(BP)在墨西哥湾的漏油灾难所造成的环境和经济后果也许起了一定的作用。

此外，政府和非营利机构也迎来了一个丰收之年，在全部七种性格类型中都占据了前10名的半壁江山。中央情报局(CIA)和联邦调查局(FBI)在将政府机构列为首选的成就型中分别占了第一位和第二位，联合国、美国国务院、国家安全局也在这个类型中跻身前20名。其他热门公司

成就型将政府机构视作通往飞黄腾达的门票，而理想型则可能将迪士尼视为地球上最幸福的地方，至少对于员工来说是如此。迪士尼给每个人提供的不只是工作。员工能得到非常优异的培训和继续培养，以拓展他们的职业生涯。还有众多机会可与公司主要领导沟通，更有在公司内得到晋升和调动的无限可能。苹果公司在商科学生中综合排名第二，在七种性格类型中的六种排名上升。公司吸引年轻人的一个可能原因是它的时尚手机、音乐播放器和平板电脑，以及它富有创意工作环境的盛名，优信咨询在斯德哥尔摩的首席执行官彼得•尼兰德如是说。

尼兰德还说，要说这个调查彰显了什么的话，那就是年轻人希望雇主能认同他们的价值观，适合他们的性格。“你看到的是年轻雇员在选择能肯定他们自我认知的那些公司，”他说，“如今，你的身份与你所效力的公司息息相关。你的工作情况强烈地反映出自身各方面的信息。” 广告委员会剪影

你可能不太清楚我们的名字，不过你肯定知道我们。59年来，广告委员会为美国创作了大量公益广告，出手及时，令人信服。我们提出的口号和创作的形象不仅令人难忘，而且能引起广泛关注，激励人们采取行动，挽救了无数的生命。广告委员会的作品所产生的久远影响，以及所引发的积极社会变革，由以下的结果可见一斑：

●95%的成年人和77%的儿童都知道黑熊斯莫奇和它那充满智慧的名言：“只有你才能预防森林火灾”。始于1944年的“黑熊斯莫奇预防森林火灾运动”，持续时间之长，知名度之大，在公益广告运动史上尚属罕见。

●广告委员会发起了“是朋友就不让朋友酒后驾车”的运动后，70%的美国人都劝阻过别人酒后不要驾车。1998年美国与酗酒有关的伤亡人数是15 935，是美国交通运输部有史以来最低的一年，而这条广告语是美国最广为人知的反酒后驾车的口号。

● 从1972年开始，“联合黑人大学基金会”(UNCF)就一直提醒着美国人，“天才可贵，岂容浪费”。基金会筹集了14亿多美元，资助300 000多名少数民族学生读完大学。

●撞车测试假人文斯和拉里于1985年与美国公众见面后，使用安全带的比率从21%增加到70%，挽救了大约75 000人的生命。

1942年，首次出现了公益广告这个类别，自那时起，广告委员会在我们这个不断变化的社会中扮演着越来越关键的角色。

战时广告委员会是一个私人建立的非盈利性机构，成立的初衷是为与二战有关的活动募集资助。战时广告委员会发起了很多公益广告运动，通过战时公债筹集了350亿美元，鼓励人们开发了50 000 000个战时菜园，告诫人们“一言不慎，千帆尽沉”，通过感染力极强的铆工罗奇的形象，吸收了2 000 000名女性加入劳动大军。二战结束后，总统要求战时广告委员会继续存在下去，以和平时期的公益广告机构的身份，帮助解决当时迫在眉睫的社会问题，因此广告委员会应运而生。

广告委员会的使命是精心挑选出若干重大社会问题，通过传播方案，激励人们采取相应的行动，在一定程度上改变社会现状。为了达到这个目的，广告委员会募集了广告业和传播业的精英志愿工作者，利用媒体的设施，以及工商业界和非营利团体的资源，来提高公民的意识，促进理解，激发行动。作为美国公益广告界最重要的制作者，广告委员会发起的公益广告运动超过1 000项，内容涉及制止犯罪和滥用毒品等重大问题，也使全美人民注意到虐待儿童、垃圾回收、艾滋病等问题。1995年，为了最大限度地发挥所有这些运动的影响力，广告委员会的董事会一致投票决定采取一项新的倡议，为期十年，来帮助不能为自己说话的美国人 —— 美国儿童。该项行动名为“承诺2000”，目的是提高认识，激励个人采取积极行动，使美国儿童能有更好的机会来充分发挥他们的潜力。

根据尼尔森网络测评公司的排名，在过去的两年中，广告委员会在互联网广告商中的排名一般都在前25位，2000年的显示量约为110亿次。广告委员会的网站上介绍了所有的这些运动。广告委员会保证，要在这个瞬息万变的传媒世界，为公益广告建立一个立足之地，并且忠于职守，保持警觉。

9月11日惨剧之后，美国人极为悲痛，恐惧心理挥之不去，信仰开始动摇，安全受到威胁，经济下降更趋严重。广告委员会主动联系联邦政府及美国重要的非营利机构，提出创作与危机相关的公益广告，在全国媒体播出。这些新广告的设计理念是教育和激励全体美国人民积极行动起来，使美国人民坚强起来，为最终战胜恐怖主义贡献力量。

广告的利与弊——尼尔.弗林

随便看看任何报纸，都能发现数以百计的广告。有些是复杂精美的整页展示，不过大部分出现在更合算的分类广告栏目下。个人和公司投放广告的原因五花八门。我们能看到职位空缺、新产品、有人要买卖房屋汽车、出生公告、讣告、寂寞芳心寻求伴侣、家政服务，如此种种，不一而足，而且种类日益丰富。

广告的好处毋庸置疑。大公司迫切需要依赖广告使产品为消费者所知。这些公司对我国体育运动的发展起了非常重要的作用。没有它们的赞助，我们将无法举办国际体育赛事。绝大多数杂志和期刊也因为广告而得以生存。投放广告的个人或公司提供了杂志运营的必需资金。双方皆大欢喜。出版商得以维持生意，而广告者得以卖出产品。不过，有些杂志经过一段时间后似乎违背了它们的初衷，因为刊登的广告太多了。

对想要招聘工人的雇主而言，广告提供了招到工人的最有效的方法之一。除了使用广告，雇主还有什么别的方法让求职者知道有工作可找?通过在报纸上刊登广告，可以有效地到达全国范围，选择最佳的求职者。

对那些想要买卖房屋、汽车和其他东西的人来说也是如此。通过广告，他们可以联系到在日常生活中通常接触不到的人群。同样，可以选择最佳的买家或卖家，以最划算的价格成交。总之，广告扩展了人们的选择和机会，不管是想买到东西还是卖掉东西都是如此。尽管广告好处多多，但有时也会被一些不择手段的人加以滥用。误导公众是广告弊病最常见的形式。我们来看一些广告人所采用的骗人伎俩。

在一场国际体育赛事中，我们能看到某流行品牌香烟的标志无所不在。人人都知道吸烟对健康毫无好处，但这些做广告的人公然无视事实，仍然推销他们的产品，就连有关当局也对这一切熟视无睹。如今，广告商已经开始给他们广告加上伪装。他们不是直接推销香烟，而是拐弯抹角地推销时尚、优质生活和“成功”的其他表现形式。

广告的弊病在电视上体现得最为明显。整整十分钟的洗发水、发乳、零食、洗衣粉和香体喷雾的连番轰炸，有谁能安之若素地坐着忍受?实在是太过分了!更可恶的是，它们总是在节目最精彩的部分即将播映之前出现!它们不仅震惊我们的心理，还有条不紊地麻痹和摧残我们的头脑，直到我们对广告视而不见，对它们的聒噪听而不闻。如果广告商能减少广告数量，对广告持着审慎的态度，对所有的观众来说肯定是福音。目前的电视广告是基于硬性推销和对观众无休无止的侵袭。

再说，他们的广告内容有多少是以事实为基础的?使用某种牌子的洗发水真能去除头屑吗?以我的亲身经验，答案绝对是否定的。食用某些食品会让我们更健康吗?那为什么医院总是人满为患?使用某种牌子的皂粉真能让衣服更洁净吗?拥有某种型号的汽车真能让车主更幸福吗?如果我们不希望被广告忽悠的话，这些都是我们必须要问的问题。

因此，我们可以看出，广告不仅有积极作用，也可能有消极作用，全看怎么使用了。人们投放广告是由于需要使然，只有在他们推销虚假的东西和误导人的信息时才会出现弊病。我们不能逃避广告的狂轰滥炸，但我们可以用自己的智慧剔除那些不良广告。

梦断魂萦

在纽约，美国花样滑冰队的18名成员踌躇满志地登上飞机。他们将飞往比利时的布鲁塞尔，在那儿转机，到(前)捷克斯洛伐克去参加在布拉格举办的世界花样滑冰锦标赛。站在比利时沙比那航空公司的707喷气机的舷梯上，全体成员合影留念。这批全美顶尖的滑冰运动员在照相机前笑脸盈盈，开心地笑着，眼睛里舞动着激动与兴奋。这将成为他们生命中珍贵的一刻。

机上有三对双人组合，其中两对是兄妹组合：希科克斯兄妹和哈德利兄妹，另一对是夫妻搭档，迪宁夫妇。但众星之中最耀眼的是一名单人滑选手。她叫劳伦斯·欧文，人称“劳利”。年仅16岁的她，两天前刚夺得北美花样滑冰女子冠军。劳利技巧娴熟，优雅无比，笑靥如花。

劳利出生于滑冰世家。母亲玛丽贝尔曾九次将美国花样滑冰冠军收入囊中。劳利还有一个姐姐，与母亲同名。玛丽贝尔·欧文20岁，实力不如劳利，但也刚刚获得美国双人滑大龄组的冠军。欧文家的三员女将都在飞往布鲁塞尔的航班上。

1961年2月14日下午7点30分，沙比那548号航班起飞了。飞越大西洋的航程是很惬意的。第二天一早，飞机飞临布鲁塞尔的机场，没有任何异常。驾驶飞机的路易斯·兰布莱奇机长，没有发出任何遇难信号。该地区没有暴风雨，也没有大风。事实上，天气很好，暖和而晴朗。

但驾驶员座舱肯定出了什么差错。在预定着陆的最后几分钟内，兰布莱奇机长没有与布鲁塞尔机场联系。快到上午十点时，他放下了起落架，开始着陆。但在最后一刻，他又把飞机机头拉起往上攀升。也许他看见另一架飞机正在起飞，害怕撞机。也许他已经知道他的飞机出了故障。不管怎么样，他绕着机场飞了一圈，再次尝试着陆。

兰布莱奇第二次出现了，飞过布鲁塞尔东北部的一个叫博格的村庄附近的农场，飞行了大约500英尺。突然他猛地提速，飞机急遽攀升。这时候，布鲁塞尔控制塔的官员们知道大事不妙了。“我们眼睁睁地看着惨剧发生，”有个官员说。“他们的反应够快的了，可是无能为力，”他说。

有个坐火车的人看见飞机出问题了。“飞机好像准备正常着陆，突然又攀升到天空，”他说。“然后掉了下来，像块大石头一样，接着我们就听见了爆炸声。”

10点05分，飞机撞到地面爆炸了，燃成了一团火球。还险些就撞上一排房子。机上72人全部遇难，其中包括49名美国人和11名机组人员。人们无能为力。失事现场一片狼藉。碎片散落到200码开外。烧焦的残骸以及肢体满地都是。机上的几对夫妇最后一次紧紧抱在一起。

这场空难震惊了全球滑冰界以及热爱花样滑冰的人们。滑冰界以前从来没有发生过类似的惨剧。为了纪念遇难者，布拉格的冠军赛取消了。

这次坠机对某些家庭尤其令人悲痛欲绝。欧文家三名女性全部丧生。除此之外，还有九个家庭至少痛失两名亲人。

明星们的希望和梦想在一瞬间破灭了。救援人员仔细搜寻了遇难现场，只找到三双已经烧焦的冰鞋，在残留的机翼上摇曳。

给学子的忠告：教育很重要

每年都有数以百计的学生给我发电子邮件，要我就接受教育给他们提建议。他们想知道该学些什么，或者可不可以从大学辍学，因为我就没有读完大学。

也有不少家长给我写信，为子女寻求指导。他们问：“我们怎样才能把孩子引向成功之路?”

我的基本忠告很简单，而且是发自内心的：全力获得最佳教育，充分利用高中和大学，学会如何学习。

不错，为创建微软，我未完成大学学业，不过辍学之前我已经在哈佛待了三年，而且我真心希望有一天能重返校园。以前我也说过，谁也不应该辍学，除非他坚信自己正面临着一个一生仅有一次的机会，但就算在那个时候也还是应该深思熟虑。

在俄亥俄州教六年级的老师凯茜•克里德兰写道，“我的好几个学生声称你根本没有读完高中。因为你成功了，我的学生就觉得他们也可以不必接受良好的教育。”

我高中毕业了的!

计算机行业中确实有很多人没有读完大学，但是我从来没有见过有谁高中没读完就成功创业的。确切地说，我认识的人当中根本没有高中辍学的，更没有高中辍学后事业成功的。

我的公司创立早期，有一个相当出色的兼职程序员，声称要从高中辍学来做全职。我们叫他不要这么做。

我们公司里确实有好些人没有读完大学，但我们不希望人们辍学。谁要想在我们公司谋职，有毕业证书肯定会优先考虑。

不一定只有在大学才能获取信息，在图书馆也可以学习。但人家递给你一本书并不能自动地让你学到东西。你需要向别人学习，提问题，将设想付诸实践，设法检验自己的能力。这一切，往往不是读一两本书就可以做得到的。

接受的教育应该是广泛的，虽然对某些领域情有独钟也不失为一件好事。

读高中时，我有一段时间醉心于软件编写，但大部分时间里，我的学习兴趣相当广泛。我父母鼓励我这么做，对此我感激不尽。

大学期间，我修了很多不同的课程，但我从头至尾只选修了一门计算机课。我读书涉猎很广。

有位家长写信说，她15岁的儿子“钻进计算机这个洞里了”。他的网站设计课得了“A”，但别的科目分数都在下降，她写道。

这个男孩犯了一个错误。高中和大学给你提供了最佳机会，你可以广泛学习——数学，历史，各种学科——有机会跟着别的孩子一起做项目，亲身感受到群体的动力。你对计算机、舞蹈、语言或其他任何的科目有深入的兴趣也无可厚非，但太偏执而危及学习广度就不是一件好事了。

如果高中阶段兴趣过于集中，你会面临两个问题。第一个就是进了大学以后你很可能没法改变。另一个问题就是如果分数不够高，你就很难考入大学，而无法跟那些积极性很高，很有才华的学生一起学习，他们可以真正帮助你了解这个世界。

大学期间可以考虑专业的问题。深入掌握自己感兴趣领域的专业知识，能够引导你走向成功，除非这个专业没有发展前途，或者你并不很擅长这个方面。读研究生是获取专业知识的一个途径，虽然从纯经济角度来看，大学教育时间过长不一定算是明智的投资。

克里斯托弗·里夫 — 真正的超人

他“比飞速前行的子弹还快，比火车头更有力，轻轻一跃就能跳上高大的建筑物。”他就是全世界最伟大的超级英雄。1977年，克里斯托弗·里夫出演超人系列电影，全国观众欢呼喝彩。克里斯托弗活跃、英俊、强壮，一如影片中的超人，而且似乎战无不胜。他滑雪、驾船、驾驶飞机、潜水、骑马、打网球，无一不是技艺高超，挥洒自如。谁也无法想象克里斯托弗会是另外一种样子。

1995年5月27日，一切都改变了。当时克里斯托弗和妻子达纳·莫罗西尼带着年幼的儿子威尔待在弗吉尼亚州。他参加了一项为期三天的马术比赛。他的坐骑“东方快车”看上去状态颇佳。42岁的克里斯托弗也显得同样神采奕奕，气定神闲。

对克里斯托弗而言，比赛进行得很顺利，虽没有名列前茅，但也没有落到最后。但在一场两英里的障碍赛中，第三次跨越障碍时，马和骑手之间不知怎么失去了默契。“东方快车”突然停了下来，可是克里斯托弗还在继续前行，他身子飞过马的头顶，头部着地摔了下来：一动不动，甚至没有呼吸。

克里斯托弗颅腔底部的脊柱折断了，导致颈部以下瘫痪。他不能说话，甚至无法自主呼吸。当时医生们认为他的生存几率只有50%。

绝望攫住了克里斯托弗·里夫的心。他想，也许放弃生存的努力是最佳的方案。死亡似乎是最不费劲、痛苦最少的一件事。他想放弃生存对家人而言也是最佳方案。但这时他看见妻子达纳站在他身边，对他说：“你依然是你。我爱你。”

从那一刻开始，克里斯托弗一心只想着活下去。他鼓起勇气，开始为生命而战斗。几天以后，克里斯托弗接受了手术，术后他的上半身恢复了一些知觉。不过，医生们仍然不乐观。他可能永远不能再走路了。他也许永远就只能靠着呼吸器来呼吸了。

克里斯托弗要证明医生们错了。首先，他想靠自己呼吸。事故过后5个月，他要求拿掉呼吸器。他只勉强地呼吸了10次就得重新连上呼吸管。克里斯托弗毫不气馁，第2天又多呼吸了几次。到第4天的时候，他不用帮助可以呼吸7分钟了。3个月以后，他可以一次持续呼吸90分钟。1995年底，他已经可以回家了。

在那以后不久，克里斯托弗觉得自己已经做好准备，可以重新面对世界了。他有话要说。他想告诉人们，不论面对怎样的挑战，都不能放弃。他开始频频在公众场合出现，在多伦多作过激扬的演说，在波士顿大学毕业典礼上进行过讲演。不论克里斯托弗出现在哪里，人们都起立喝彩，很多人甚至泪流满面。

克里斯托弗同样也重新开始了工作。很显然，他不可能再去扮演以前的角色了，于是转而执导。他的处女作影片《暮色如斯》证明创作灵感并没有离他而去。

虽然克里斯托弗很坚强，但也还是有不顺心的时候。事故后的一年里，他面临着血栓问题，后来又得了肺炎。有一天做理疗时，他摔在地上，折断了一条胳膊。

每天他都要与自身现实做斗争。“早晨，我需要20分钟去哭泣，”他对一个记者说。在梦中和儿子奔跑玩耍，梦醒之后他需要20分钟来“清醒和调整„„”。

但擦干眼泪后，克里斯托弗总会悄声说：“好了，前进!”这些话证明，尽管他无法控制自己的身体，但仍拥有他的勇气，他的精神，他的内在力量。在这个意义上，他依旧是—也将永远是—超人!

第五篇：全新版大学英语综合教程4【第二版】翻译答案 Unit1

1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.

2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.

3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.

4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.

5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.

Unit2

1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.

2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problem.

3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.

4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently

5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach. Unit3

1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.

2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.

3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together, we’ll have the future in our hands.

4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have made better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.

5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.

Unit5

5) I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, because he is something of an adventurer. He is capable of sticking to the task at hand, even if he is exposed to noises. The trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hitherto in force. Oddly enough, many people volunteered to help organize the meeting, but only a few turned up. The teacher’s affectionate words, along with his candid comments, changed the way Mike perceived the society and himself. Unit6

1、They are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies for incurable diseases/ cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far.

2、Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cram knowledge into my head.

3、The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip.

4、The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building.

5、In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time.

Unit7

1. Some high-ranking officers of the armed forces started a coup, toppling the government and throwing the country into chaos.

2. The falling market shattered the illusion about getting rich quickly

3. Thinking back on the history of World War II, we can see that the formation of the Allies was the natural product of the development of political and military circumstances then.

4. Paul felt stung when Jim called him a religious fanatic. But as he was in no mood for q quarrel//not in a quarreling mood, he simply pretended not to hear it.

5. People say that time heals all wounds. But for those who have lost their loved ones in the event, will time fill up the void in their hearts?

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