初中英语名词用法小结
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第一篇：初中英语名词用法小结
初中英语介词用法小结
介词主要是用来表示它后面的名词或代词与句中其他某个成分之间的关系。不能独立充当句子成分，必须与后面的宾语构成介词短语后才能做句子成分。
一. 介词(短语)语法功能
1.作状语
介词(短语)在句子作状语修饰动词。表示“时间”，‘‘地点”,‘‘条件”,‘‘方式”或‘‘目的”等。
例如:①She gets up at 6:30 in the morning every day. (表时间)
②There are some books on the desk .(表地点)
③People can’t live without air or water.(表条件)
2.作定语介词短语作定语表示某个关系 ，一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。 例如 The girl in the red skirt is Lucy .(后置定语)
3.作表语
介词短语作表语时，多放在be 动词之后。
例如：① She is in the next room .
② He is from English .
二 . 常用介词的用法
1.表示时间的介词
①in,on,at.
in 表示世纪，年，周，季节，在上午∕下午∕晚上∕白天等 。
例如：in the morningin Mayin 2012in his fortiesin an hour
on 表示确定的时间， 某日，某日的上午，下午，晚上，星期几，或一般节日等。
例如：on Sundayon a rainy eveningon May 4on the night of May 4on Teachers’
Dayon Children’s Day
at 用于表示时间“点” .夜里.中午及某些词组中
例如 .at 4 o’clockat noonat that timeat the end ofat the age of②by ,until∕till
表示期限时通常用介词by ,until ∕till
by表示“不迟于” ，“在 ……之前”
例如：They had seen four English films by the end of last night.
Until ∕till到……为止
在肯定句中谓语动词要用延续性动词。
例如： Iwaited for my mum until she came home .
在否定句中，not … until译成“直到……才”谓语动词用非延续性动词 。
例如：I didn’t go to bed until my mum came home.
③in ,for ,during ,through
1)in 表示“在。。。。。。时间内”“在。。。。。时间后”
例如 :Do you work in the day time or at night ?
I hear he’ll be back in a week.
2)for 后接一段时间，可与多种时态连用，如与现在完成时连用，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。
例如：She has worked there for 8 years.
3)during表示“在。。。。。。期间”，强调“自始自终”.
例如：
4)through =from beginning to end“自始自终”“从头到尾 ”
例如：Dr. Bethune went on working through the night .
注：对“in+时间段”提问用how soon
对“for+ 时间段”提问用 how long
On the+身体硬部位
in the +身体软部位
④表示时间的起点用since 或from
例如：Tom has worked in the factory since three years ago.
From now on ,I will learn English in the morning.
⑤in 和after
1)in “在。。。。。。以后”从现在算起，后接时间段，常用于将来时。
例如：We’ll be back in a week .
He’ll arrive at Shanghai2)after “在。。。。。。以后”，从过去算起，
后接时间段，常用于过去时。
例如：They got there after 8 hours.
后接时间点，常用于将来时。
例如：The plane is leaving after nine.
2.表示地点.位置的介词
①inontoat
in 在某一范围之内。
例如：Shanghai lies in the east of China.
on 表示两个不同的个体相邻或接壤。
例如：Hefei lies on the south of Huainan.
to表示两个个体间有一段距离或隔海相望。
例如：Japan is to the east of China .
At表示在街道或城镇。
例如： He lives at 158 JianguoStreet.
②inat
in后跟较大地方
例如：He lived in China three years ago.
at 后接较小地方
例如：We waited at the gate of the school.
③aboveoveron
Above表示位置高于某物不接触，在其上方任意一点，但不是正上方。其反义词是below例如：The moon is now above the trees in the east .
Over 指正上方,垂直方向。其反义词是under
例如：There is a bridge over the river.
On 在。。。。。。上面，相互接触。
例如：There is a pen on the desk .
特殊用法：on在树上<本身具有> There are some apples on the tree.
in在树上< 外来物> There are some birds in the tree.
3表示方向的介词：bywithin
by后跟动名词或抽象化的可数名词(其前不用冠词)意为“用„„手段或方法” 例如: He goes to school by bus every day .The old man had to make money by selling vegetables.
with表示用工具， 借助于某一具体的手段，工具，材料或人体器官。
例如：People here build houses with stones. With the help of my teacher ,I did well in my English .
We see with our eyes.
in 用材料.语言.声音等媒介，以„„方式.
What is this in English ? She said in a loud voice. He wrote the words in red ink.
4.to 的两种用法的区别
① to+v.(不定式)
例如：to do sth
② to+v-ing(介词)
例如：look fordward to doing sth
get /be used to doing sth
pay attention todoing sth
make a contribution to doing sth
prefer doing sthto doing sth
6.时间状语前不用介词的情况。
当morning等词前有this ,that ,next ,last 等词修饰时，介词须省去。下列介词须省去：
修饰语中心词
① this /thatmorning/week /year/January/spring② next /lastSunday /week /term/year/spring/May③ tomorrow/yesterday/lastmorning/afternoon/evening
④ the dayafter tomorrow /before yesterday
⑤ after/before/nextthe week /month
第二篇：初中英语动词不定式用法小结
动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，又叫非谓语动词，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能做谓语;它由“to+动词原形”构成，这里的to是动词不定式符号，本身没有词义，其否定形式常在to前加not;由于它仍保持动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，还可以带疑问词和由for引出其逻辑主语等形成动词不定式短语;不定式或不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等句子成分。为使同学们更好地掌握其用法，现总结如下：
一、动词不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时，为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。如要说明动作的执行者，可在不定式前加for引导的短语;但如果表语是nice, kind, clever等描述动作执行者的性格、品质的形容词时，则应在不定式前加of引导的短语。常用句型:It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.
二、动词不定式作宾语
一些动词，如want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare,等，常接动词不定式作宾语。当动词不定式作宾语时，如果后接宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后。应注意有些动词后面可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但所表达的意义不同。常见的有：(1)stop to do sth.停止正在做的事，去做另一件事;stop doing sth. .停止正在做的事(2)go on to do sth. 做完一件事后，继续做另一件事;go on doing sth.继续做同一件事(3)remember/forget to do sth.记住/忘记去做某事;remember/forget doing sth. 记得/忘记做过某事
三、动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作后置定语时，与被修饰的名词逻辑上有动宾关系。如果动词不定式是不及物动词时，则要带上与之搭配的介词，构成及物动词短语。动词不定式作后置定语常用于“have/has +某事+to do”或“enough+名词+to do”“It’s time to do sth.”等结构中。
四、动词不定式作宾语补足语
有些动词，如tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。应注意动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to，在被动语态中应加上to。这些动词可归纳为“一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)(即在动词help后面作宾语补足语时，to可有可无)”。另有口诀帮助记忆：“感使动词真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。”(let不用于被动语态)
五、动词不定式作状语
动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order或so as。常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to dosth.等。
六、固定句式中动词不定式的用法
在固定句式中对不定式的考察常见的有：had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.?等。 动词不定式专项训练题：
一、单项选择。
1. _______ is difficult to work out the maths problem. A. This
B. That C. It
D. Its 2. We decided _______ at the end of this month. A. travel B. not start out C. to leave D. going 3. They have no paper_______. A. to write B. to write with C. write on D .to write on 4. Let him _______ a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk. A. has
B. have C. to have D. having 5. _______the computer is a problem. A. How to use B. What to use C. Where to use D. Which to use 6. The teacher told us _______in bed. A. don’t read B. read not C. to not read D. not to read 7. The old man was _______angry _______ say a word. A. so, that B. as, as C. too, to D. very, to 8. Why _______home tomorrow? A. not go B. not going C. not to go D. didn’t go 9. The TV set is too loud. Will you please _______? A. turn down it B. turn it down C. to turn it down D. to turn down it 10. It’s cold outside. You had better _______ your coat. A. to put on B. putting on C. puts on D. put on
二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. It took half an hour _______(get) to the World Park from Kitty’s school. 2. It was interesting _______(see) so many places of interest from all over the world. 3. They want _______(save) time by using shorter words and phrases.
4. Kitty’s classmate Daniel taught himself how _______(make) a home page. 5. Things _______(do) in Beijing 6. He put his photos on it for everyone _______(look) at. 7. Help him _______(put) the photos in the correct order. 8. He made the girl _______(cry) yesterday. 9. It’s time for class. Please stop _______(talk). 10. I’d like _______(go) to the Temple of Heaven. 参考答案：
一、1—5 CCDBA
6—10 DCABD
二、1. to get 2. to see 3. to save 4. to make 5. to do 6. to look 7. (to)put 8. cry 9. talking 10. to go
第三篇：英语时态的用法小结
英语常见时态的构成：
1. 一般现在时
(1)be动词：is，am，are
(2)其他动词：单数第三人称加s。
2. 一般过去时
(1)be动词：was， were
(2)其他动词：过去式，即规则动词加ed，不规则动词特殊记。
3. 一般将来时
(1)will/ shall +动词原形
(2)is/ am/ are going to +动词原形
4. 过去将来时
(1)would +动词原形
(2)was/ were + to +动词原形
5. 现在进行时
is/ am/ are +动词-ing
6. 过去进行时
was/were +动词-ing
7. 现在完成时
have/ has + 过去分词
过去分词，即规则动词加ed，不规则动词特殊记。
8. 过去完成时
had + 过去分词
英语时态的用法
一、一般现在时的用法
1.表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作。常与always, usually, often, sometimes, every day
(week, month)等连用。
He plays football twice a week.他每周踢两次足球。
I sometimes go to work on foot.我有时步行去上班。
2.表示现在的事实或状态。
It’s cold today.今天很冷。
You look tired now.你现在看起来很疲乏。
3.表示主语所具有的特征，性格和能力等。
She is a famous singer.她是个著名的歌唱家。
Tom likes swimming. 汤姆喜欢游泳。
4.表示客观事实或普遍真理。
It’s far from the earth to the sun.地球与太阳间的距离很远。
Five and three makes eight.五加三得八。
5.表示已预先安排或计划好将来确定会发生的动作。如列车时刻等。
但主要用于go, come, leave, start, return, arrive等瞬间动词。
The train from London arrives at 7:00.从伦敦来的火车7:00到站。
He leaves on business the day after tomorrow.他后天出差。
6.在时间及条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。
I’ll call you as soon as I get there.我一到那里就打电话给你。
I’ll come if he invites me.如果他邀请我，我就来。
7.在以here, there开头的句子里，表示正在发生的动作。
Here comes the bus! 汽车来了!
There goes the bell! 铃响了!
注意：当主语是代词时，代词必须放在动词之前。如：
There he comes! 他来了!
8.某些表示心理状态和感觉的动词，如feel, love, hope, want, understand等表示现在发生的具体
行为。
I feel pain in my head.我头疼。
I don’t understand what you mean.我不理解你的意思。
注意：此时只用一般现在时而不用现在进行时。
二、一般过去时的用法
1.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去时间的副词如：yesterday, last week, two
hours ago等连用。
My family moved here five years ago.我家五年前搬到了这里。
I was born in 1973.我生于1973年。
2.表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作。这时可与频度副词如：
often, usually, always等连用。
He always worked into night those days.那些日子他总是工作到深夜。
I often left on business in 1987.1987年我经常出差。
注意：表示“过去经常，而今不再”时，要用used to。如：
I used to read newspaper after breakfast.
我过去经常早饭后看报纸。(意指现在已不是这样)
The children often swam in this river.
孩子们过去经常在这条河里游泳。(只表示过去有过这个事情，与现在无关)
3.表示过去发生的一连串动作。
过去发生的一连串动作，若用and, or, but等并列连词连接，则一律用过去式。
He put down the heavy box, took out the keys, and opened the door.
他放下这沉重的箱子，掏出钥匙开了房门。
They moved the chairs to the table, sat down and began to have supper.
他们把椅子搬到桌边，坐下开始吃饭。
4.在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。
He said that he would let me know as soon as he got the information.
他说他一得到消息就立即让我知道。
Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained.玛丽告诉我如果下雨她就呆在家里。
三、一般将来时的用法
(1)表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语如next month, tomorrow, in a
week, soon等连用。
I will go to the zoo next Sunday.下周日我将去动物园。
She’ll go to the cinema tonight.今晚她将去看电影。
(2)表示将来经常发生的动作
Some birds will fly away to the south when winter comes.
冬季来临时，一些鸟儿将飞往南方。
(3)“be going to+动词原形”可以表示：
I)根据目前迹象某件事情很有可能发生。
Look at those clouds! It’s going to rain.看那些云，快下雨了。
II)打算、计划、决定要做某事。
We’re going to meet outside the school gate.我们打算在校门口见面。
will与is/ am/ are going to do的区别：
都可表示将来，通常可互换，但下面几种情形只用will而不用be going to。
(1)表示带有“意愿”色彩的将来时。
I’ll help you if you need. 如果需要，我帮你。
(2)问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。
Will you go shopping with me? 你和我一起去购物吗?
Will you please open the door? 请把门打开好吗?
(3)表示客观必然会发生的事情。
It will be Monday tomorrow. 明天是周一。
(4)在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的复合句中，主句如果是将来时，则多用will。
I’ll take care of your baby when you are out. 你出门时我会照看你的小宝宝。
I’ll open the window if you smoke here. 你如果在这儿抽烟我就把窗户打开。
四、过去将来时的用法
过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，多用于宾语从句中，表示从句动作发生在主句动作之后。如果表示过去习惯性的动作时，只能用would，而不用should。如：
He said he would ring me up at six. 他说他六点钟将给我打电话。
I would swim in this pool when I was a child.我孩童时期经常在这个池塘游泳。
This window wouldn’t close.这个窗户老是关不上。
五、现在进行时的用法
(1)表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。常与now, at present, at this, moment等连用。
It is snowing now.现在正在下雪。
He is watching TV at present.他正在看电视。
(2)与these days, this week/month等连用，表示现阶段正在进行的动作。
He is studying hard these days.这些天他学习很努力。
He is writing a book.他在写一本书。
注意：在“Look!, Listen!”等感叹句后，通常用现在进行时。如：
Look! The bus is coming.看，公共汽车来了。
比较：
Look! There comes the bus.
(以Here, There为首的句子以一般现在时表示正在进行的动作。)
(3)与表示将来的时间状语连用，表示最近计划或安排好的将要发生的动作，主要用于go, come,
arrive, leave start, return等瞬间动词。即用现在进行时表示将来。
He is leaving for Nanjing tonight.他今晚去南京。
The meeting is beginning at three this afternoon.会议在下午3：00开始。
(4)与always, continually, forever等词连用，表示反复出现的动作，代替一般现在时，表达说话
人强烈的感情。如赞扬、不满、讨厌等。如：
He is always asking such silly questions.他老是提这类愚蠢的问题。
He is continually making mistakes.他不断地犯错误。
没有进行时的动词
1.表示“存在、位置”的动词。如：be(是)，lie(位于)，stand(位于)
She is a doctor. 她是名医生。
The mountain lies in the middle of the country.这座山位于该国的中部。
The tower stands beside the river.这座塔位于河边。
但是，lie, stand分别作“躺、站”解时，可用于现在进行时。如：
The cat is lying under the table.猫躺在桌子下面。
He is standing against the door.他正靠门站着。
2.表示“所有”的动词。如：have(有)，own(拥有)
I have a new car.我有一辆新车。
He owns a lot of houses.他拥有许多房子。
但是，当have作“吃、举行”讲时，可用于现在进行时。如：
She is having lunch now.她现在正在吃午饭。
They are having a sports meeting. 他们正在举行运动会。
3.表示感觉的动词。如：see(看到)，hear(听到)，smell(闻到)，feel(摸起来)，
taste(尝起来)，find(发现)等。
I see a snake lying in the grass.我看到一条蛇躺在草丛里。
4.表示心理活动和情感的动词，如：know(知道)，understand(理解)，think(作为)，
like(喜欢)，love(爱)，hate(恨)，hope(希望)，want(想要)等。
I think they are right.我认为他们是正确的。
I like music.我喜欢音乐。
但是，think作“想，考虑”解时，可用于进行时态。如：
I’m thinking about it now.我现在正在考虑这事。
Do you know what he is thinking about? 你知道他在想什么吗?
六、过去进行时的用法
(1)过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。一般和过去的特定时间状语或状语从句连用。
如：then, at that time, at eight yesterday, this time yesterday, when he came in等。
I was playing volley-ball this time last Sunday. 上周日的这个时候我正在打排球。
Li Fang was watching TV when her father came back. 李芳的爸爸回来时她正在看电视。
(2)过去进行时表示过去某段时间是持续进行的动作。
They were making ships last month.他们上个月正在造船。
(3)go, come, leave等瞬间动词的过去进行时表示过去某一时间安排或计划好的即将发生的动作。
The plane was arriving at eight.飞机八点到达。 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
过去进行时表示过去某一动作正在进行，强调“动作的连续性”，而一般过去时则表示一个做完的动作，强调“有过这件事”。
I was playing chess last night.昨晚我在下棋。
I played chess last night.昨晚我下棋了。
My father worked last Sunday. 我爸爸上周日工作了。
My father was working last Sunday. 我爸爸上周日在工作。
七、现在完成时的用法
(1)强调不久前完成的动作对现在产生的影响，常与already, just, yet等副词连用。
I have just read your letter.我刚刚读完你的信。
He has already come back.他已经回来了.
(2)表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。常与for或since引导的一段时间状语连用。for后通常跟
一个时间段，而since后只能跟一个具体的时间点。
for two weeks持续两周时间;since Monday自从周一
He has lived here for three years.他在此住了两年了。
I have been here since 1976.自从1976年我就一直在这里。 瞬间动词及注意要点：
a. 现在完成时的肯定句，其谓语动词如果是瞬间动词，如come, go, begin, join等，则不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
如：他到此两周了。
He has arrived here for two weeks.(×)
此时需转换表达方式：
① 用ago代替for，并改为一般过去时。
② 用延续性动词代替瞬间动词。
③ 用It is/It has been…since…句型。
所以上面的句子可转换为：
① He arrived here two weeks ago.
② He has been here for two weeks.
③ It is/ It has been two weeks since he arrived here.
b. 当瞬间动词用于否定句时，则可以与时间段连用。如：
I haven’t gone there for six years.我六年没去那儿。
(3)强调直到现在为止的生活经历。
I have been to Paris twice.我去过巴黎两次。
It’s one of the most interesting films I’ve ever seen.
它是我看过的最有趣的电影之一。
比较have been to与have gone to
have been to表示“去过某地”，现在已回来了，可以与ever ,since等词连用。如：
I have ever been to London.我曾去过伦敦。
have gone to表示“去某地了”，现在尚未回来，不能与ever, since等词连用。
He has gone to London.他去伦敦了。
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
二者都表示“动作已经发生”，区别在于：
(1)现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，即对现在产生的结果、影响等，而一般过去时只表示过
去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。
He has learned French for three years.他学法语已三年了。
He learned French for three years.他曾学过三年法语。
Who has taken my bag? I couldn’t find it. 谁拿走了我的包?我找不着了!
He cleaned the house yesterday. 他昨天打扫过房间。
The room is clean, for he has cleaned it already. 房间很干净，因为他已经打扫过了。
(2)现在完成时不可与表示过去的时间副词连用，而一般过去时则可以。
He has done some washing yesterday. (F)
He did some washing yesterday. (T)
他昨天洗衣服了。
八、过去完成时的用法
与现在完成时的用法相似，只不过作为衡量基准点的时间点不同，现在完成时以现在作为衡量的基准点，而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻作为基准点。
(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，常by, before引导的时间状
语连用。如：
By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself.
到爱迪生10岁时，他已给自己建了一个实验室。
He had measured me before I could get in a word.我还没说话，他已把衣服量完了。
I thought I had seen him before. 我原以为以前见过他。
(2)表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for和since引导的时间
状语相连用。
She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years. 她说她已在那所医院工作20年了。
He said he had taught in the university since 1989.
他说自从1989年他就在这所大学任教。
(3)叙述过去发生的事情后，反过来又追叙或补述更早以前发生的动作时，常用过去完成时。
I knew nothing about this matter, for I had been away for six month.
对于此事我一无所知，因为我已离开6个月了。
Some people ran into the street. They had heard a loud noise.
有些人跑上了街，他们听到很响的嘈杂声。
时态的一致
在一些从句(主要是宾语从句)中谓语动词的时态，常常受主句中谓语动词时态的影响，这叫做时态的一致。
时态的一致通常分以下一些情况下考虑：
1.当主句中的谓语动词是现在时态或将来时态，在这种情况下，从句的谓语动词可以用任何所需时
态。如：
I know that Mr. Brown is a good teacher. 我知道布朗先生是一名好老师。
She believes that he was once a solider. 她相信他以前曾是一名士兵。
He will tell us what he is going to do. 他将告诉我们他要干什么。
2.当主句中的谓语动词是过去的某种时态，在这种情况下，从句的谓语动词可以分为下面三种情况：
(1)如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，从句则需要用一
般过去时或过去进行时。如：
He was wondering where he could put the box.
他不知道该把这个盒子放在哪里。
The students were talking while the teacher was writing on the blackboard.
老师在黑板上板书时，学生们在说话。
(2)如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主语的谓语动作之前，从句则要用过去完成时。如：
The train had left when they got to the station.
当他们到达车站时，火车已经开走了。
He said his father had been dead for twenty years. 他说他父亲已经去世二十年了。
(3)如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主语的谓语动作之后，从句则要用过去将来时。如：
She said she would finish the work tonight. 她说过她将于今晚完成这项工作。
We knew that it was going to snow. 我们知道将要下雪了。
3.当从句所说明的为一般真理或客观事实时，无论主句为何时态，从句不受影响，仍用现在时态。
The boy was told that the moon travels around the earth. 男孩被告知月亮绕着地球转。
Everybody knows that sixty minutes make an hour. 人人都知道一小时有六十分钟。
第四篇：英语倒装句用法小结
倒装句
一般来说，倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装，有的倒装是因为语法需要而出现的，有的倒装则是因为结构平衡的需要而出现的。
一、完全倒装(主谓倒装)是指把谓语全部提到主语的前面。 例：In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor. 1.以here, there，now, then引导的句子，要完全倒装。这种句子中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。 如：Here comes the train! / There goes the bell! 注意：若代词作主语，只把该副词提前主谓语序不变。Here he comes . / Here it is .
2句首是拟声词或 out , in , up ,away , down 等副词，句子要完全倒装。(注意，这时句子的主语也必须是名词。如果是人称代词，也不能使用倒装结构。) 如：Up went the rocket. /Up it went.
3. 介词短语作状语在句首，句子要完全倒装。注意，这时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。 如：In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.
4.表语置于句首，且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装。如：Gone are the days when we ha nothing to eat.
5.so/ neither/ nor 表前面所说的情况也适合于后者，其倒装结构为“so/ neither/ nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词”，这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物。如：She has finished her homework, so has her brother. She hasn’t gone there, neither/ nor has he.
二、部分倒装(助动词倒装)是指把谓语的一部分(助动词)提到主语的前面。 例： Never in my life have I seen such a thing.
1.用于疑问句中。如：How did you do that? Did you see the film yesterday?
2. if 从句中如有 were ( had , should ) , if 省去后，要部分倒装,把were，had，should提到主语前面
如： If you had come yesterday, you would have seen him. ---Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him
3.as 引导的让步状语从句，要部分倒装(表语、状语倒装)。有以下几种形式： (1) 副词置于句首
Much as I like it (=Although I like it very much), I will not buy it. (2) 动词置于句首
Wait as you may (= Although you may wait), he will not see you. (3) .形容词或名词置于句首
Proud as the nobles are (=Although the nobles are proud), they are afraid to see me. Child as he is (=Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong. 注意：如果名词前有形容词修饰时，as引导的倒装句中要保留不定冠词。如： A bad-tempered man as he is (=Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply.
4.句首为否定词或否定意义的词语时，句子要部分倒装
( not , not only , never , little , seldom , not until, hardly ( scarcely ) , no sooner, not once, at no time,... )
Little do we know about him. No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell asleep. Seldom does he come back on Sundays. Not until he came back did I know about it. 5.only 在句首引导状语，或not until 引导的状语在句首，主句要部分倒装。如： Only then did I realize the important of English. / Only when a child grows up does he understand his parents’ intentions. 但若only 修饰的是句子的其它成分，则无须倒装
Only socialism can save China. (only修饰句子的主语，仍用正常语序)
6.not only ... but also ... 引导两个并列句，前倒后不倒。如：
Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lesso--ns.
7.在以often, well, many a time, now and again等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中，要用部分倒装结构
Many a time has John given me good advice. / Often have we made that test.
8. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。May you succeed!
9. so或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. so„that结构中的倒装。有时要强调so 所修饰的形容词或副词，常将so连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首。这时，主句要用倒装结构。如： He
runs so fast that he is far ahead of others. ---So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others. He is so clever that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book. So clever is he that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.(全部倒装)
10.状语位于句首表示强调或使句子平衡，或使上下文紧密衔接，句子要部分倒装。
第五篇： 英语中跟复合结构的动词用法小结
陕西省丹凤中学
佘君贤
在英语中,有许多能跟复合句的动词.为了学生更好的理解并掌握这些动词,现特意把这些动词做以归纳和终结. 1. get get somebody to do something (使某人做某事 )
get something done(使某事被做)
get somebody / something doing (使某人或某物动起来) eg: who got you to stand there?
I have got my homework finished.
We must get the car running. 2. make make somebody do something (让某人做某事) make oneself done (使某人自己被--) make somebody /something +adj / n
eg: A good friend is someone who makes you happy. We make him monitor of our school. The teacher spoke loudly to make himself heard. I made him stand in the corner. =he was made to stand in the corner. 3. have have somebody do something (使某人做某事)
have somebody /something doing something (使某人或某物一直做某事 ) have somebody /something done (使某人遭遇某事或使某事被作 ) The teacher had him repeat what he said. The man had the candle burning all the night. He had his leg broken. 4. let somebody do something (让某人做某事 ) 5. keep somebody doing something (让某人不断的做某事)
keep somebody / something done (使某人或某物被作) keep somebody +adj /adv/ /prep phrase (使某人或某物处于某种状态 ) when he washes his hands , he keeps water running. The teacher kept us informed of the decision Please keep the door open /light on . 6. leave somebody doing something (使某人不断的做某事 ) leave something done (使某事被做) leave somebody / something +n /adj / prep phrase eg: leave the door open. He was left an orphan. 7. catch somebody doing something(抓住某人正在做某事 ) he was caught cheating in the exam. 8. see / watch /listen to/ hear / notice /feel /observe+n /pron/do something(看见某人正在做某事，指的是全过程) see / watch / listen to / hear / notice /feel /observe +n /pron doing something(看见某人正在做某事，指的是动作正在进行)
see /watch / notice /listen /listen to/ hear …+somebody /something done (看见某人或某事被作) I saw him play on the playground. He saw the begger beaten to death. 9. find /think/ consider / make / believe+it +adj+to do/doing /that clause eg. He finds it difficult to learn a foreign language. 10. consider consider somebody to be consider somebody to do something/ to be doing something /to have done something consider somebody to do something (认为某人要做某事) consider somebody to be doing something (认为某人正在做某事) consider somebody to have done something (认为某人以作过某事) 练一练
1. Cabbage is considered to____the first computer in the world. A. invent
B. be inventing
C. have invented
D. have been invented 2.
Don’t leave the water ____)while you brush your teeth. A. run
B. running
C.
to run
D. being run 3. He looked around and caught a man ___ his hand into his pocket of a passenger.
A. put
B. to be putting
C. to put
D. putting 4.
Seeing the road ___ with snow, we had to speed the holiday at home, watching TV.
A. blocking
B. blocked
C.
to block
D. to be blocked 5. A cook will be immediately fired if he’s found ___ in the kitchen.
A. smoke
B smoking
C. to smoke
D. smoked