[最高人民法院关于适用[中华人民共和国企业破产法]若干问题的规定
最高人民法院关于适用《中华人民共和国企业破产法》若干问题的规定（一） Provisions of the Supreme People"s Court on Certain Issues Relating to the Application of the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the People"s Republic of China (I)
English version 中文版
发文日期：2011年09月09日
有效范围：全国
发文机关：最高人民法院
文号：法释[2011]22号
时效性：现行有效
生效日期：2011年09月26日
所属分类：公司破产 ( 公司法->公司破产 )
Promulgation date: 09-09-2011
Effective region: NATIONAL
Promulgator: Supreme People"s Court
Document no: Fa Shi [2011] No. 22
Effectiveness: Effective
Effective date: 09-26-2011
Category: Corporate Restructuring ( Company Law->Corporate Restructuring )
全文： Full text:
最高人民法院关于适用《中华人民共和国企业破产法》若干问题的规定（一） Provisions of the Supreme People"s Court on Certain Issues Relating to the Application of the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the People"s Republic of China (I)
法释[2011]22号 Fa Shi [2011] No. 22
2011年9月9日 September 9, 2011
《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国企业破产法〉若干问题的规定（一）》已于2011年8月29日由最高人民法院审判委员会第1527次会议通过，现予公布，自2011年9月26日起施行。 The Provisions of the Supreme People"s Court on Certain Issues Relating to the Application of the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the People"s Republic of China (I) which was adopted at the 1527th meeting of the judicial committee of the Supreme People"s Court on August 29, 2011 is hereby issued and will come into effect on September 26, 2011.
为正确适用《中华人民共和国企业破产法》，结合审判实践，就人民法院依法受理企业破产案件适用法律问题作出如下规定。 In order to correctly apply the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the People"s Republic of China and in light of trial practices, the following provisions are hereby given for issues of the application of law in the handling of the enterprise bankruptcy cases in accordance with the law by people"s courts:
第一条债务人不能清偿到期债务并且具有下列情形之一的，人民法院应当认定其具备破产原因：
（一）资产不足以清偿全部债务；
（二）明显缺乏清偿能力。
相关当事人以对债务人的债务负有连带责任的人未丧失清偿能力为由，主张债务人不具备破产原因的，人民法院应不予支持。
Article 1 If a debtor is unable to pay off the due debts and falls under any of the following circumstances, the people"s court shall hold that it has the grounds for bankruptcy:
1. Where its assets is not sufficient to pay off all debts; or
2. Where it obviously lacks solvency.
If the relevant party asserts that the debtor does not have the grounds for bankruptcy on the ground that any party who is severally and jointly liable for the debts of the debtor does not lose solvency, the people"s court shall not support the assertion.
第二条下列情形同时存在的，人民法院应当认定债务人不能清偿到期债务：
（一）债权债务关系依法成立；
（二）债务履行期限已经届满；
（三）债务人未完全清偿债务。
Article 2 If a debtor has the following circumstances, the people"s court shall hold that the debtor is unable to pay off the due debts:
1. The claim-debt relationship is established legally;
2. The time limit for the repayment of debts has expired; and
3. The debtor fails to pay off all of the debts.
第三条债务人的资产负债表，或者审计报告、资产评估报告等显示其全部资产不足以偿付全部负债的，人民法院应当认定债务人资产不足以清偿全部债务，但有相反证据足以证明债务人资产能够偿付全部负债的除外。
Article 3 If the balance sheet, audit report or assets evaluation report of a debtor shows that all of its assets is insufficient to pay off all of its debts, the people"s court shall hold that the assets of the debtor is insufficient to pay off all of its debts, except where there is evidence sufficient to prove that the assets of the debtor is able to pay off all of its debts.
第四条债务人账面资产虽大于负债，但存在下列情形之一的，人民法院应当认定其明显缺乏清偿能力：
（一）因资金严重不足或者财产不能变现等原因，无法清偿债务；
（二）法定代表人下落不明且无其他人员负责管理财产，无法清偿债务；
（三）经人民法院强制执行, 无法清偿债务；
（四）长期亏损且经营扭亏困难, 无法清偿债务；
（五）导致债务人丧失清偿能力的其他情形。
Article 4 If the assets of a debtor exceed the liabilities on the balance sheet, but it falls under any of the following circumstances, the people"s court shall hold that it obviously lacks solvency:
1. Where it is unable to pay off its debts due to such reasons as the serious insufficiency of funds or the failure to realize property;
2. Where it is unable to pay off its debts because the whereabouts of its legal representative is unknown and there is no other person responsible for managing its property;
3. Where it is unable to pay off its debts upon enforcement of the people"s court;
4. Where it is unable to pay off its debts because it has made a loss for a long time and it is difficult for it to turn losses into profits; or
5. Any other circumstances which result in the loss of solvency of the debtor.
第五条企业法人已解散但未清算或者未在合理期限内清算完毕，债权人申请债务人破产清算的，除债务人在法定异议期限内举证证明其未出现破产原因外，人民法院应当受理。 Article 5 I an enterprise with the legal person status has been dissolved without liquidation or has not completed liquidation within a reasonable time limit and a creditor applies for the bankruptcy of the debtor, the people"s court shall accept the application, except where the debtor provides evidence within the statutory objection period to prove that it does not have the
grounds for bankruptcy.
第六条债权人申请债务人破产的，应当提交债务人不能清偿到期债务的有关证据。债务人对债权人的申请未在法定期限内向人民法院提出异议，或者异议不成立的，人民法院应当依法裁定受理破产申请。
受理破产申请后，人民法院应当责令债务人依法提交其财产状况说明、债务清册、债权清册、财务会计报告等有关材料，债务人拒不提交的，人民法院可以对债务人的直接责任人员采取罚款等强制措施。
Article 6 If a creditor applies for the bankruptcy of a debtor, it shall submit relevant evidence for the inability of the debtor to pay off the due debts. If the debtor fails to file an objection against the application of the creditor with the people"s court within the statutory period or the objection is not established, the people"s court shall make a ruling in accordance with the law to accept the bankruptcy application.
After accepting the bankruptcy application, the people"s court shall order the debtor to submit a description of its financial position, the list of its debts, the list of its claims, its financial reports and other relevant materials. If the debtor refuses to do so, the people"s court may take such compulsory measures such as fines against the directly responsible person of the debtor.
第七条人民法院收到破产申请时，应当向申请人出具收到申请及所附证据的书面凭证。 人民法院收到破产申请后应当及时对申请人的主体资格、债务人的主体资格和破产原因，以及有关材料和证据等进行审查，并依据企业破产法第十条的规定作出是否受理的裁定。 人民法院认为申请人应当补充、补正相关材料的，应当自收到破产申请之日起五日内告知申请人。当事人补充、补正相关材料的期间不计入企业破产法第十条规定的期限。
Article 7 When receiving an bankruptcy application, the people"s court shall issue to the applicant a written certificate for the receipt of the application and evidence attached thereto.
After receiving a bankruptcy application, the people"s court shall promptly examine, among others, the subject qualification of the applicant, the subject qualification of the debtor, the reasons for bankruptcy, relevant materials and evidence and make a decision on whether to accept the application in accordance with Article 10 of the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law.
If the people"s court deems that the applicant shall make additions to or correct the relevant materials, it shall, within five days of the date on which the bankruptcy application is received, notify the applicant of the same. The period in which the parties involved make additions to or correct the relevant materials shall not be included in the period specified in Article 10 of the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law.
第八条破产案件的诉讼费用，应根据企业破产法第四十三条的规定，从债务人财产中拨付。相关当事人以申请人未预先交纳诉讼费用为由，对破产申请提出异议的，人民法院不予支持。
Article 8 Court cost for a bankruptcy case shall be appropriated from the property of the debtor according to Article 43 of the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law. If the relevant party files an objection against the bankruptcy application on the ground that the applicant fails to pay court cost in advance, the people"s court shall not support the objection.
第九条申请人向人民法院提出破产申请，人民法院未接收其申请, 或者未按本规定第七条执行的，申请人可以向上一级人民法院提出破产申请。
上一级人民法院接到破产申请后，应当责令下级法院依法审查并及时作出是否受理的裁定；下级法院仍不作出是否受理裁定的，上一级人民法院可以径行作出裁定。
上一级人民法院裁定受理破产申请的，可以同时指令下级人民法院审理该案件。
Article 9 If an applicant files a bankruptcy application with the people"s court and the people"s court fails to receive the application or fails to act in accordance with Article 7 hereof, the applicant may file a bankruptcy application to the people"s court at the next higher level.
After receiving the bankruptcy application, the people"s court at the next higher level shall order the people"s court at a lower level to conduct examinations in accordance with the law and promptly make a decision on whether to accept the application; if the people"s court at a lower level still fails to make a decision on whether to accept the application, the people"s court at the next higher level may directly make a decision.
If the people"s court at the next higher level makes a decision to accept the bankruptcy application, it may also instruct the people"s court at a lower level to hear the case.