英语听力教程3|张民伦第三版3听力答案
unit1
Listen to two short extractions. Write down the environmental issues mentioned in them.
1. burning of the forests/tree removal(deforestation)/reduction of the world"s rain forests
2. global warming/greenhouse effect/emissions of CO2
Listen to the first part of an interview. Note down the key words in the notes column.Then answer the questions.
1.
2. Growing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soil just blows away. But if there isn"t enough rain the crops don"t grow.
3. People try to grow food to support themselves or to create ranches where cattle can be raised, or to get hardwood for export, or to make way for an iron ore mine.
Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the first part of the interview. Complete the outline.
Outline (I)
I. Environmental problems in different continents
A. Africa
1. Sahara Desert expansion
2. no grass for animals to eat(East Africa)
B. North America & most of Europe
1. situation-intensive farming/agriculture
2. potential problem — top soil blowing away
C. South America, Central Africa & Southern Asia
1. problem — tropical forests destruction
2.consequences
a. soil -> thin -> unproductive -> wasteland
b. animal/plant species becoming extinct
c. climate change for the whole world
Listen to the second part of the interview. Note down the key words in the notes column. Then answer the question.
1.Trees would hold rainfall in their roots. When forests in the higher up-river have been destroyed, all the rain that falls in the monsoon season flows straight into the river and starts the flooding.
2. He implies that some national governments just consider the results of their policies in the near future, or just think as far ahead as the next election.
Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the first part of the interview. Complete the outline.
Outline(II)
II. Reason for some "natural" disasters — mainly man-made
A. flooding in Bangladesh
B. flooding in Sudan
III. Action to be taken
A. national governments — forward-looking
B. population control
C. stopping using hardwood for furniture-making
D. educating people to realize the consequences
Listen to the material. Complete the outline.
Outline
I. Warming up of the world
A. average temperature
B. yearly increase
II. Causes of global warming
III. Effects of global warming
A. great changes in rainfall
B. rise in the sea level
C. reduced potential for food production
D. health and social problems
1. environmental refugees
2.change of patterns of distribution of insects and infective agents
3. change of patterns of heat-related food poisoning, etc.
IV . Time to take action
Listen to the following news report. Decide whether the statements are true or false. Put "T" or "F" in the packets.
F 1. Water consumption in some parts of the world has increased tenfold.
F 2. Oil will be the cause of warfare in the next century.
F 3. The number of people affected by water shortage will increase five fold over the next 20 years.
F 4. The main reason why water is becoming a scarce resource is agriculture since it now accounts for 90% of water consumption
worldwide.
T 5. In some regions water shortage is now the biggest impediment tofeeding the population.
Now listen to some simple tips to help you Save It — save energy. Complete the do"s and don"ts. Do"s Don"ts
Rough-dry your towels and nylon things. Don"t attempt to iron everything.
Cut out unnecessary lighting. Don"t turn the iron up too high.
Do without a wall-fire if you can. Don"t leave the kettle to boil away.
Defrost the fridge regularly. Don"t fill the kettle to the pim for only a cup of tea.
Before using your washing machine, wait until you"ve a full load.
Don"t put hot food in the fridge.
Cook a complete meal in the oven and Save It on the rings and grill.
unit2
Listen to some abpeviations and acronyms of some organizations and some information about them. Fill in the blanks.
IUCN — International Union for the Conservation of Nature, is the organization established by the United Nations to promote the conservation of wildlife and habitats as part of the national policies of member states.
CITES — Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, is an international agreement under the auspices of the IUCN with the aim of regulating trade in endangered species of animals and plants. The agreement came into force 1975 and by 1991 had been signed by 110 states. It prohibits any trade in a category of 8 000 highly endangered species and controls trade in a further
30 000 species.
UNEP — United Nations Environmental Program, aims to provide leadership and encourage partnerships in caring for the environment by inspiring information and enabling nations and people to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations.
WWF — World Wide Fund for Nature (formerly World Wildlife Fund), is an international organization established 1961 to raise funds for conservation by public appeal. Projects include conservation of particular species, for example, the tiger and giant panda. In 1990, it had 3.7 million members in 28 countries and an annual income of over 100 million. Its headquarters are in Gland, Switzerland.
Listen to the conversation. Match column A, which is a list of the names of some endangered animals, with column B, which gives the information about those endangered animals. Then answer the questions.
Column A
Column B
1. Whales 2 bludgeoned to death for fur coats
2. Seals 4 killed to make handbags and shoes
3. Turtles 5 hunted for their ivory
4. Crocodiles 1, 6 hunted to extinction
5. Walruses (海象) 3 eggs rolled off and slaughtered for meat and oil
6. Dolphins
Questions:
1. What do people at the World Wildlife Fund work for according to the woman?
They work to conserve natural areas that contain endangered wildlife.
2. What are they doing in order to protect those endangered animals?
They are campaigning to provide sea sanctuaries for some of these endangered species. Protected nesting sites for turtles have been set up.
3. Can you guess the meaning of "sea sanctuaries"?
It refers to the places of safety in the sea where sea animals are protected and allowed to live freely.
Listen to a news report.While listening for the first time ,add more key words in the notes column accordinng to the following cues. While listening for the second time, supply the information. Event: Christmas bird counts
Time: from Christmas to Jan. 3rd
Sponsored by: the National Audubon Society
Participants:
Numbers: more than 40 000 volunteers
Background: from all 50 states of the U.S., every Canadian province, parts of Central and South America, Bermuda, the West Indies and Pacific islands
Number of bird counts this year: more than 1 600 separate bird counts
The logistics of bird counts: Each individual count is in a 15 mile diameter circle around the exact center point.
Origin of the National Audubon Society: It was named after an American artist John James Audubon, who illustrated birds in their natural habitats.The Society was founded in the late 1800s by conservationists concerned with the decline of birds.
Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the report. Complete the summary of this year"s Christmas bird counts.
Christmas bird counts will start from Christmas to January 3rd.,
sponsored by the National Audubon Society. This year more than 40 000
volunteers from the U.S., Canada, parts of Central and South America,
Bermuda, the West Indies and Pacific islands will be outside counting
birds The counts are not only for experienced bird watchers but anyone that
is interested or concerned as well.
This year more than 1 600 separate bird counts have been scheduled. Some
would have a few as 10 people taking part, others with hundreds. Every
individual count is in a 15 mile diameter circle around the exact center
point. Bird counters can get a good idea of the total bird populations
within the count circle based on the number of birds they actually see.
The traditional Christmas bird count is the longest-running bird census in
ornithology.
Listen to the news interview. There are five persons in it. Match column A with column B to indicate who"s who. Then write out the thesis statements they are arguing about.
Column A Column B
1. Alan Tu 1 an announcer for Colorado Public Radio (CPR)
2. Peter Jones 3 a former navy dolphin trainer
3. Rick Troud 4 a biology professor
4. Deborah Duffield 5 an environmentalist & explorer
5. Jean Michel Cousteau 2 a reporter for CPR
Thesis Statement No. 1:
Dolphins should be kept in captivity.
Thesis Statement No. 2:
There are educational benefits of keeping marine mammals in captivity.
Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the interview. Write out each person"s pros (agree with the thesis) or cons (disagree with the thesis) for each thesis statement in note form. Dolphins should be kept in captivity
Pros Cons
Rick Troud can"t live full lives
· separated from mother — stress (family-oriented)
· concrete tank — sonar bouncing off — can"t swim more
Jean Michel Cousteau rejecting captivity — suicidal — sophisticated pain
Deborah Duffield little difference in
average age of death; life getting better for captive dolphins
There are educational benefits of keeping
marine mammals in captivity
Pros Cons
Rick Troud anti-educational
· natural behavior patterns — altered
· beating each other to death; suffering from fractured skulls, ribs or jaws
Deborah Duffield playing an important role in basic under- standing of the animals — can"t learn
from animals in the wild how they operate, peed, what they need, etc.
Listen to what Mr. LeBaron says about the information concerning birds. Complete the outline. Outline
I. Total number of known species — about 9300
II. Habitat
A. larger numbers living in the warmer climates
e.g. more than 300 different species counted in Panama
B. far fewer species native to colder climates
III. Value
A. importance to the environment
1. indicator of the quality of environment
2. sensitive to habitat alteration
B. esthetic value
1. getting pleasure out of looking at birds and listening to birds
2. mental quality of life degraded without birds
IV . birds" population
A. some species — declining
B. many types — increasing
· Scientists have cataloged more than one and one-half million of the species
that exist on Earth today. By some recent estimates, at least 20 times that
many species inhabit the planet.
· Up to 100 species become extinct every day. Scientists estimate that
the total number of species lost each year may climb to 40 000 by the year
2000, a rate far exceeding any in the last 65 million years.
· Around the world more than 3 500 protected areas exist in the form of
parks, wildlife refuges and other reserves. These areas cover a total of
about 2 million square miles (5 million square km, or 3% of our total land
area).
· Today, more than 200 animal species in the United States are classified as
endangered. More than 1 000 animal species are endangered worldwide.
· Little-noticed aquatic animals are in big trouble. In North America, a
third of our fish species, two-thirds of our crayfish species and nearly
three-quarters of the mussel species are in trouble.
unit3
Listen to the weather report. Fill in the information.
Places Weather conditions Temperatures
Berlin Mostly cloudy -2 ℃
Brussels Partly sunny 1 ℃
London Mostly cloudy 5 ℃
Paris Partly cloudy 0 ℃
Rome Periods of clouds and sunshine 8 ℃
Vienna Cloudy -2 ℃
Athens Periods of clouds and sunshine 10 ℃
Belgrade Mostly cloudy 1 ℃
Istanbul Partly sunny 5 ℃
Kiev Expecting snow -7 ℃
Moscow Snowy -9 ℃
Prague Snowy flurries -4 ℃
Washington D.C. Expecting snow —
Listen to the following news report. Complete the chart.
Trend to be watched next century
Getting warmer Green house effect
(1998 - hottest)
Global warming
effects
rising sea levels
affecting coastal areas changes in climate zones
— what crops can be grown;
in what regions
Major Issues
Listen to the explanation. Complete the information in the chart.
Name Place Time
Ocean storm Northern part of world; near equator Late summer or autumn
Cyclone North or south of equator in the Indian Ocean —
Typhoon Western Pacific Ocean or China Sea —
Hurricane Eastern Pacific and Atlantic Ocean —
Listen to the report. Complete the outline of EI Nino.
Outline
I. General information on EI Nino
A. nature
a cyclic weather pattern that affects the global climate
B. frequency and length
1. normally showing up about twice a decade, in four year cycles.
2. lasting about 12-18 months
C. evidence
1. pinging warmer weather to parts of the earch
2. some regions becoming wetter than usual, others drier.
D. time
beginning with the decline of winds pulling cold water away from South
sAmerica"s west coast to around the equator
II. Impacts around the world
A. impacts on the weather
1. droughts
2. flooding
B. hard on fishing industry
III. Difficulty of prediction
Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the report. Write a summary about EI Nino. Use the outline you have completed as cues.
El Nino is a cyclic weather pattern that affects the global climate.
It normally shows up about twice a decade and it lasts about 12-18
months. As it pings warmer weather to parts of the earth, some regions
become wetter than usual while others drier.
El Nino usually begins with the decline of winds pulling cold water
away from South America"s west coast to around the equator. This allows
warm water in the western Pacific Ocean to expand eastward toward the
America"s. At the same time, the clouds and rain over the warm water
move eastward too.
El Nino"s can change the weather around the world. It can cause
droughts as well as rains and flooding. They are also hard on the South
American fishing industry, causing fish stocks to become depletive.
However, El Nino is hard to predict because the strength of it
depends on how winds affect the "Calvin wave" that has moved across the Pacific.
Listen to the material. Guess the meaning of following words and phrase. Match column A with column B.
Column A Column B
1. eucalyptus 8 the exchange of one thing for another
2. seismographic station 7 an affectionate and slightly sad feeling that one has for the past
3. dome 6 connecting with heaven
4. in motion 5 property in the form of buildings and land
5. real estate 3 a round roof
6. celestial 4 happening already
7. nostalgia 2 a place where instruments are used to measure and record the vipation of earthquakes
8. trade-off 1 a kind of evergreen tree
Listen again. Supply the missing information about Lick Observatory and the largest telescope in it.
Lick Observatory
Location An hour"s drive from the outskirts of San Jose, California; at the summit of Mount Hamilton
Origin of the name Getting its name from a wealthy businessman
Number of telescopes held Eight
The largest telescope held by Lick Observatory
Size One meter diameter reflecting lens; the second largest telescope of its kind
Time when it was completed 1888
Present function Used for some research; mostly used as an educational tool for teachers and visitors
Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the material. Complete the chart by comparing the 19th century telescope with the modern ones. Then answer the questions.
19th century telescope Telescopes connected to electronic imaging devices
Way of observation Direct viewing with human eyes; sitting out in the cold Viewing celestial objects on TV screen
Gains and losses Romance; going out every now and then; keeping track of the sky Nice;
efficiency; divorced from reality/universe
Questions
1. Why does the speaker say that those telescopes are overlooking the world of computer age manufacturing?
Because Lick Observatory is near "Silicon Valley", a region of the state"s high-technology.
2. Why is Lick Observatory a memorial to the businessman from whom it got its name?
Because Lick Observatory was built on his estate and he was buried at the base of the telescope at his own request.
3. What does Mr.Stone mean by saying "It"s a trade-off"?
By using the 19th century telescope, you have a feeling of romance with direct viewing with the human eyes. By using the modern devices, you lose that romance but gain the efficiency. That"s an exchange.
Complete the outline according to what you hear about the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) in U.S.A.
Outline
I. General information about NCDC
A. establishment
formed in 1951, as a record center for America"s Department of Commerce
B. headquarters
in the southern city of Asheville, North Carolina
C. equipment used to learn about the weather
satellites, radar, solar radiation systems, airplanes, ships
II. Functions
A. collecting weather records gathered by a number of weather observers
and U.S. government agencies
B. collecting weather records from around the world
C. assisting in production of written records, weather maps and pictures
D. producing publications about earth environment
E. receiving requests for information from all over the world
Now listen again. Focus on some specific information and answer the questions.
1. Could you mention some of the weather observers and government agencies that provide weather records for the NCDC?
The Department of Defense, the National Weather Service, the coastguard
2. Why do we say that"s some of the information held by the NCDC is very old?
The office has written weather observations made by early American diplomat Benjamin Franklin and by the third President of the U.S.
3. How can you get the written records, weather maps and pictures apart from asking the NCDC? You can get the information by computer, microfilm and telephone.
4. Could you mention some of the publications produced by the NCDC?
One has monthly and yearly records about weather conditions in about 270 American cities. Another publication has monthly reports from 15 00 observation stations around the world.
5. How many requests did the NCDC receive last year?The center had more than 900 000 requests from government officials, business owners, weather researchers and the general public last year. Listen to the science report. Fill in the missing information.
La Nina
Meaning of the language Little girl
Time when it develops Winds near the western coast of South America strengthen; cold air forms near the Pacific coast of Peru and Ecuador
Time when it is strongest During winter months in the northern part of the world
Duration Lasting one to two years
Evidence Low water temperatures in the eastern Pacific Ocean
Impacts As severe as those of El Nino: making some places drier than normal and others wetter unit4
You are going to hear some pief news items. Supply the missing words.
1. (1) firebomb; (2) shopping; (3) several
2. (1) 1 000; (2) tornadoes
3. (1) car ferry; (2) taken over; (3) Green Action Front
4. (1) South Korea; (2) recover; (3) 270; (4) thousands
5. (1) robbed; (2) 5; (3) lunchtime; (4) 10 000
6. (1) hurricane; (2) 100; (3) Twenty; (4) 100
7. (1) hijacked; (2) Tuesday
You are going to hear a news item. While listening for the first time, write down some key words in the notes column. After the second listening, answer the following questions.
1. The news item is about a storm in India.
2. About 2 000.
3. The winds were up to 75 miles an hour.
4. The Indian army.
5. Homes were flattened, crops were destroyed, transport links were cut, and houses collapsed.
6. More than 40 people.
7. Over 100 000 people.
Listen to the following news item. While listening for the first time, take down some key words in the left-hand column. After the second listening, answer the following questions.
1. The worst of the heavy rains and thunderstorms appears to be over.
2. In parts of Europe.
3. During the past week.
4. It was affected.
5. At least five.
6. Because emergency warnings were issued beforehand.
Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the news item. Do the multiple choice. 1.
c. tomorrow
2.
b. German and Italian
3. d. 4 000 000 000 francs
4. b. Switzerland
You are going to hear a news item about an earthquake. Write down every word as a dictation. It will be read three times. First reading, read from beginning to end. Second reading, read with pauses. Third reading, read without pauses again..
Another earthquake, the fifth in three days, hit Japan last night. Hundreds of homes have now been destroyed or badly damaged, and thousands have been made homeless since the earthquakes started. Many of the homeless have begun to make themselves makeshift shelters from the rubble. Electricity, gas and water supplies have also been seriously disrupted. Experts believe that the country will be hit by more quakes during the next 48 hours.
Listen to a news item carefully. While listening to it, write down some key words in the notes column.
Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the news item and fill in the missing information.
Main Ideas Supporting Details
I. Event: an earthquake A. time: on Sunday night, Nov. the 23rd
B. place: in southern Italy
II. Estimated deaths A. present number: at least 400
B. possible toll: many more than 400
III. Destruction A. the worst damage: in small towns and villages outside Naples
1. hit a village hospital
2. hit a local church
3. hit many private homes
B. in Naples:
1. many buildings of eight or nine stories collapsing
2. many people spending the night in the streets or squares
3. with smaller tremors, townspeople rushing for the countryside, resulting in blocked roads and traffic jams
4. telephone lines poken
5. electricity and water supplies failing
IV . Difficulties in rescue work A. bad weather conditions:
1. the fog
2. the cold weather
B. road conditions in some areas not very good
Now listen to a passage about earthquake tips. The following phrases describe what you should do and should not do when an earthquake hits. Put these phrases into the correct column. Do"s Don"ts
General tips during an earthquake
Duck under a desk or sturdy table.
Watch out for falling objects.
Hold onto your cover.
Don"t stay near the window.
In a high-rise building Protect your head with your arms.
Stay inside. Don"t use the elevators.
While driving Stay inside. Don"t go on driving.
In a crowded store Don"t rush for exits.
In a theater Protect your head with your arms. Don"t leave right away.
Don"t rush for exits.
After the earthquake Give first aid, if necessary.
Check for fire.
Listen to the radio or watch TV for emergency bulletins. Don"t telephone your friends to see if they"re OK.
Don"t use flashlights when gas is leaking.
You are going to hear a passage about mushrooms. Listen carefully and do the multiple choice with the help of the notes you have taken in the notes column.
a 1. You cannot get mushrooms by _________.
a. searching for them in the water b. searching for them in the wild
c. buying them in stores d. growing them
d 2. Which of the following is not an American way of cooking mushrooms?
a. They make mushroom pead.
b. They make mushroom salad.
c. They stew mushrooms with onions in butter.
d. They fry mushrooms in oil.
c 3. Which of the following statements is true?
a. People can grow mushrooms on trees alive.
b. Most of the mushrooms are poisonous.
c. There are no green mushrooms.
d. Edible mushrooms are very nutritious.
b 4. Some years ago in Russia, ________ people died of eating poisonous mushrooms. a. 30 b. 20
c. 300 d. 200
d 5. Farmers in France sometimes use ________ to find mushrooms hidden under the ground. a. satellites b. chickens
c. laser lights d. pigs
c 6. Which of the following statements is not true?
a. Next week, we will know how to grow mushrooms.
b. The attempt to oust the then Russian President Gorbachev in 1990 was not successful. c. Mushrooms can only be found in certain parts of the world.
d. Many people in Russia love hunting mushrooms.
unit5
You are going to hear some sentences describing different countries. Listen carefully and complete the following chart. Pay special attention to the numbers.
Country Area
(square mile)
Population
Australia 3 000 000 -
Nepal 54 000 -
Switzerland 15 944 -
Argentina - +20 000 000
Austria 32 376 7 150 000
Colombia 439 828 16 300 000
Saudi Arabia 830 000 7 000 000
Denmark 16 575 -
Now try this:listen to a more authentic version of the passage and supply the missing information in order to complete the outline.
Outline(I)
I. A pief introduction of Canada
A. size: second only to the former Soviet Union
B. population: 26 million people
C. area:
1. the Great Lakes in the south
2. the Rocky Mountains in the west
3. the Arctic islands in the north
II.Great variations in climate
A. in winter:
1. weather: extremely cold
2. clothing: a heavy overcoat and a fur hat
B. in summer:
1. weather: warm on the whole
2. clothing: lightweight clothing
III.Pople in Canada
A. different races in Canada:
1. half a million American Indians
2. a million Germans
3. smaller numbers of Italians, Ukrainians and Inuit
B. official languages: English and French
IV .Eating out in Canada
A. seafood: Pacific salmon, lobsters and clams
B. meat dishes: moose steaks and beefsteaks
C. ethnic foods
D. the sweet course: waffles served with maple syrup
E. drinks: good beer but not good local wines
V .Shopping in Canada
A. having some of the world"s most modern shopping centers
B. good buys in Canada:
1. moccasins
2. woolen gloves and sweaters
3. wood carvings
4. leather goods
5. maple syrup
VI.The monetary system in Canada
A. the unit of currency: the Canadian dollar
B. banking hours: 10 am to 3 pm Monday to Thursday, till later on Fridays
Nancy is planning to travel around Australia. She"s talking to David about her trip. Listen carefully to what he tells her about Australia and complete the following chart.
Interesting places to visit Things to do in each place Where to stay in each place
Sydney: 1. harbor
2. the Sydney Opera House
The Great Barrier Reef
Ayers Rock in Uluru National Park
Kakadu National Park
Take a boat trip in an old sailing ship
see concerts, opera and theater
go scuba diving, see the coral reef and the tropical fish, travel in glass-bottom boats and explore hundreds of islands
go hiking and trekking, see cave paintings in the rock and the colors of the rock at sunrise and sunset
go hiking, see all sorts of wildlife and beautiful waterfalls
at a （18）backpacker"s hotel
at a resort hotel or at a guesthouse
in one of the campsites
Now listen to the dialogue again. After that some statements will be read to you. Decide whether they are true or false. Put "T" or "F" in the packets.
1.(T) 2.(F) 3. (F) 4. (T) 5. (F) 6. (T) 7. (F)
The following passage is about the city of Denver. While listening for the first time, don"t forget to write down some key words in the notes column. After the second listening, supply the missing information in order to complete the outline.
Outline
I. Geographical description
A. altitude: 1.6 kilometers/one mile above the sea level (standing on the step of the State Capitol Building)
B. population:
1. in Denver: 470 000 people (the 26th largest city in the U.S.)
2. in the area around Denver: 1 600 000 people
C. climate
1. more than 300 days of sunshine a year
2. about 35 centimeters of rain and snow a year
II. Business and marketing center (for the Rocky Mountain area)
A. more than 1 500 manufacturing companies
1. main activity: food processing
2. other factories making equipment for the defense, space, high technology and transportation industries
3. gold production
B. the computer and communications industries
1. offering the third highest number of hi-tech jobs in relation to the population
2. center for companies that do business in other countries
III. Tourism in Denver
A. the Colorado History Museum
B. the Denver Museum of Natural History
C. Denver International Airport
1. the largest airport in North America
2. almost 90 000 passengers landing each day
D. the State Capitol Building (the top covered with 500g of gold)
E. the largest city park system in the nation
F. Larama Square: a business area filled with old buildings, gas lights and vehicles pulled by horses
In this section you are going to hear three short dialogues describing three different countries. While you listen, remember to take down some key words in the notes column. After listening, match Column A with Column B.
Column A Column B
(1) ICELAND
(2) BRAZIL
(3) NEW ZEALAND
(1)（2） a newly-built capital
(2)（3） hotter than Britain
(3)（1） in the Atlantic
(4)（1. 3） a small population
(5)（2） a pretty large country
(6)（3） a mountainous country
(7)（2） famous for its jungles
(8)（1） an island country
(9)（3） a wet climate
(10)（2） a South American country
(11)（3） divided into two islands